SynthesisMCN. The American journal of maternal child nursing
Outcome Measures in Interventions That Enhance Breastfeeding Initiation, Duration, and Exclusivity: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in MCN. The American journal of maternal child nursing. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Teleintervention's effects on breastfeeding in low-income women in high income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Pooled it
- Decoding the HMO‒microbiome axis: bridging maternal milk to infant health outcomes.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Psychosocial Influences on Breastfeeding Duration: Maternal, Paternal, and Infant Contributors.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Review
- Comparative Assessment of Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates From 24-Hour Recall and Since Birth Methods in Southwestern Pennsylvania Using Ecological Momentary Assessment.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2023Article
- Breastfeeding Associations with Childhood Obesity and Body Composition: Findings from a Racially Diverse Maternal-Child Cohort.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of this review was to examine outcome measures used in interventions focusing on enhancement of breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity.
methodsA literature search guided by search terms on outcome measures of breastfeeding interventions was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL Plus, & PsycINFO databases on publications between 2006 and 2017.
resultsNine studies were included in this review, using PRISMA guidelines. Rates of breastfeeding initiation, duration, and exclusivity were measured during specific points in time. Data collection methods involve interviews, self-report, observations, and/or feeding logs. Although breastfeeding types (exclusive breastfeeding, predominant breastfeeding, and complementary breastfeeding) were measured, methods of infant feeding (breastfeeding and bottle feeding) were rarely assessed, ignoring significant mediators or moderators of breastfeeding.
conclusionsThere were methodological limitations to the reviewed studies: (1) a 24-hour recall bias, (2) misclassification of breastfeeding categories, (3) lack of consistency in breastfeeding definitions, and (4) few reports of the reason for breastfeeding discontinuation. Future studies should focus on the modifiable cause of the problem: outcome measures attributed to the targets of the intervention, followed by breastfeeding initiation, duration, and/or exclusivity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.