ReviewPsychopharmacology2019
Synthetic cathinone adulteration of illegal drugs.
Review in Psychopharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Structure-activity relationship of synthetic cathinones: integrated in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies of α-PiHP analogues.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Integrated Assessment of Neurobehavioral and Cardiotoxic Effects of Pyrrolidine-Containing Cathinones in Zebrafish: Structural Determinants of Functional Safety Profiles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Self-Reported Adverse Effects Associated With New Psychoactive Substance Use in a Sample of Adults From 20 US Cities.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Detection of drugs of abuse: evolving analytical strategies and emerging challenges.Frontiers in chemistry · 2026Review
- Prevalence and correlates of self-reported new psychoactive substance use among adults in 20 US cities: Results from National Drug Early Warning System surveillance.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Ecstasy, molly, MDMA: What health practitioners need to know about this common recreational drug.Disease-a-month : DM · 2025Review
- Substance use assessment: comparing self-reports with objective data in a research setting.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- A thematic analysis of MDMA-related harm and harm reduction experiences and knowledge in Aotearoa New Zealand.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Increases in the use of drug testing kits among nightclub and festival attendees in New York City who use ecstasy, 2017-2022.Drug and alcohol review · 2024Article
- A critical review of workplace drug testing methods for old and new psychoactive substances: Gaps, advances, and perspectives.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2024Article
- Harm reduction behaviours and harm experiences of people who use 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in Aotearoa New Zealand.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Structure-activity relationships for locomotor stimulant effects and monoamine transporter interactions of substituted amphetamines and cathinones.Neuropharmacology · 2024Article
- Trends in reported and biologically confirmed drug use among people who use ecstasy in the nightclub/festival-attending population, 2016-2022.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Tusi: a new ketamine concoction complicating the drug landscape.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2023Article
- Trends and correlates of discordant reporting of drug use among nightclub/festival attendees, 2019-2022.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2023Article
- Forensic Analysis of Synthetic Cathinones on Nanomaterials-Based Platforms: Chemometric-Assisted Voltametric and UPLC-MS/MS Investigation.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Prevalence of self-reported adverse effects associated with drug use among nightclub and festival attendees, 2019-2022.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Interpol Review of Drug Analysis 2019-2022.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2023Review
- Perspectives of people in Philadelphia who use fentanyl/heroin adulterated with the animal tranquilizer xylazine; Making a case for xylazine test strips.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2022Article
- Brain Concentrations of MDPV and its Metabolites in Male Rats: Relationship to Pharmacodynamic Effects.Current pharmaceutical design · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleCurrent prevalence estimates of synthetic cathinone ("bath salt") use may be underestimates given that traditional metrics (e.g., surveys, urinalysis) often fail to capture the emergent issue of synthetic cathinone adulteration of more common illegal drugs, such as ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine).
objectivesThis review examines the evolution of synthetic cathinones and prevalence of use over the past decade in the United States. We also review methods of self-report and biological testing of these compounds as well as adverse outcomes associated with adulterated drug use.
resultsSynthetic cathinone use emerged in the United States by 2009 with use associated with tens of thousands of poisonings. Reported poisonings and self-reported use have substantially decreased over the past five years. However, our review suggests that current estimates of use are underestimates due to underreporting stemming primarily from unknown or unintentional use of adulterated formulations of relatively popular illegal drugs, such as ecstasy.
conclusionsWhile intentional synthetic cathinone use has decreased in recent years, evidence suggests that prevalence of use is underestimated. Testing of drugs and/or biological specimens can improve the accuracy of synthetic cathinone use estimates. Furthermore, we advocate that researchers and clinicians should become better aware that exposure to these potent compounds (e.g., as adulterants) often occurs unknowingly or unintentionally. To improve our understanding of synthetic cathinone adulteration, research utilizing a combinatorial approach (survey and biological testing) will help more accurately estimate the prevalence and impact of this public health issue.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.