ArticleBiomedical optics express2018
Quantitative two-photon microscopy imaging analysis of human skin to evaluate enhanced transdermal delivery by hybrid-type multi-lamellar nanostructure.
Article in Biomedical optics express, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imaging and quantifying drug delivery in skin - Part 2: Fluorescence andvibrational spectroscopic imaging methods.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Deep-skin multiphoton microscopy of lymphatic vessels excited at the 1700-nm window in vivo.Biomedical optics express · 2021Article
- Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery systems: a review.Biomaterials research · 2021Review
- Quantitative two-photon microscopy imaging analysis of human skin to evaluate enhanced transdermal delivery by hybrid-type multi-lamellar nanostructure: retraction.Biomedical optics express · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2020-09-25Concerns/Issues about Image · Copyright Claims · Lack of Approval from Third Party ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transdermal skin delivery is a method to transport various topical formulations to a deeper skin layer non-invasively. Permeability analysis of many delivering agents has been mostly conducted by a simple tape stripping method. However, it cannot reveal a detailed depth-dependent distribution profile of transdermally delivered agents in the skin. In this work, we achieved a cellular-level depth-defined visualization of fluorophore-labelled human epidermal growth factor (EGF) transdermally delivered to human skin by using encapsulation with common liposomes and newly fabricated multi-lamellar nanostructures using a custom-design two-photon microscopy system. It was able to generate 3D reconstructed images displaying the distribution of human EGF inside the human skin sample with high-resolution. Based on a depthwise fluorescence intensity profile showing the permeation of human EGF, a quantitative analysis was performed to assess the transdermal delivery efficacy achieved by each formulation, showing a significant improvement of the efficacy with the utilization of multi-lamellar nanostructure.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.