ArticleEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2019
Haem iron intake and risk of lung cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.
Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary Patterns and Risk of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies.Current nutrition reports · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Plant-Based Diet and Risk of Iron-deficiency Anemia. A Review of the Current Evidence and Implications for Preventive Strategies.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Iron and Cancer.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Dietary Interventions for Cancer Prevention: An Update to ACS International Guidelines.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Iron homeostasis in older adults: balancing nutritional requirements and health risks.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Review
- Iron and cancer: overview of the evidence from population-based studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Serum iron status and the risk of lung cancer: a two-sample Mendelian-randomization study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Article
- Nutritional Aspects of Iron in Health and Disease.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Iron metabolism in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Dietary Antioxidants and Lung Cancer Risk in Smokers and Non-Smokers.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Targeting GSTP1-dependent ferroptosis in lung cancer radiotherapy: Existing evidence and future directions.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Nrf2 Is a Potential Modulator for Orchestrating Iron Homeostasis and Redox Balance in Cancer Cells.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signature and Patterns of Immune Infiltration Predict the Overall Survival in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
47 authors at 20 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiological studies suggest that haem iron, which is found predominantly in red meat and increases endogenous formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, may be positively associated with lung cancer. The objective was to examine the relationship between haem iron intake and lung cancer risk using detailed smoking history data and serum cotinine to control for potential confounding.
methodsIn the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), 416,746 individuals from 10 countries completed demographic and dietary questionnaires at recruitment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident lung cancer (n = 3731) risk relative to haem iron, non-haem iron, and total dietary iron intake. A corresponding analysis was conducted among a nested subset of 800 lung cancer cases and 1489 matched controls for whom serum cotinine was available.
resultsHaem iron was associated with lung cancer risk, including after adjustment for details of smoking history (time since quitting, number of cigarettes per day): as a continuous variable (HR per 0.3 mg/1000 kcal 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.07), and in the highest versus lowest quintile (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.32; trend across quintiles: P = 0.035). In contrast, non-haem iron intake was related inversely with lung cancer risk; however, this association attenuated after adjustment for smoking history. Additional adjustment for serum cotinine did not considerably alter the associations detected in the nested case-control subset.
conclusionsGreater haem iron intake may be modestly associated with lung cancer risk.
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Registered trials
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