ArticleThorax2019
The contribution of viruses and bacteria to community-acquired pneumonia in vaccinated children: a case
Article in Thorax, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differences in Pneumococcal andFrontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- The Evolving Epidemiology of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Australian Children: A Multicentre Retrospective Observational Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The prevalence and role of human respiratory syncytial virus in pediatric respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- The Burden of Hospitalization Due toHealth science reports · 2025Review
- Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Respiratory Viruses in Hospitalized Iranian Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- Infectious acute respiratory failure in patients under 5 years of age: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of Human Seasonal Coronaviruses Among People With Mild and Severe Acute Respiratory Illness in Blantyre, Malawi, 2011-2017.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Observational
- Article
- Approaches to the Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Children: Rationale and Progress to Date.Paediatric drugs · 2024Article
- Pragmatic Adaptive Trial for Respiratory Infection in Children (PATRIC) Clinical Registry protocol.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Pneumonia-Plus: a deep learning model for the classification of bacterial, fungal, and viral pneumonia based on CT tomography.European radiology · 2023Article
- Health service utilisation for acute respiratory infections in infants graduating from the neonatal intensive care unit: a population-based cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Review and Update of Active and Passive Immunization Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2023Review
- Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Are Protective Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations in Infants: A Population-Based Observational Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Predicting the causative pathogen among children with pneumonia using a causal Bayesian network.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Epidemiologic, clinical, and serum markers may improve discrimination between bacterial and viral etiologies of childhood pneumonia.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Analysis of the Sputum Culture Spectrum of Children with Respiratory Tract Infection in Wuxi Between 2014 and 2021.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Epidemiology and surveillance implications of community-acquired pneumonia in children.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2022Article
- Clinical and economic burden of respiratory syncytial virus in Spanish children: the BARI study.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Respiratory syncytial virus: viral load, viral decay, and disease progression in children with bronchiolitis.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionRespiratory pathogens associated with childhood pneumonia are often detected in the upper respiratory tract of healthy children, making their contribution to pneumonia difficult to determine. We aimed to determine the contribution of common pathogens to pneumonia adjusting for rates of asymptomatic detection to inform future diagnosis, treatment and preventive strategies.
methodsA case-control study was conducted among children <18 years in Perth, Western Australia. Cases were children hospitalised with radiologically confirmed pneumonia; controls were healthy children identified from outpatient and local immunisation clinics. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and tested for 14 respiratory viruses and 6 bacterial species by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For each pathogen, adjusted odds ratio (aOR; 95% CI) was calculated using multivariate logistic regression and population-attributable fraction (95% CI) for pneumonia was estimated.
resultsFrom May 2015 to October 2017, 230 cases and 230 controls were enrolled. At least one respiratory virus was identified in 57% of cases and 29% of controls (aOR: 4.7; 95% CI: 2.8 to 7.8). At least one bacterial species was detected in 72% of cases and 80% of controls (aOR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.4 to 1.2). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) detection was most strongly associated with pneumonia (aOR: 58.4; 95% CI: 15.6 to 217.5).
conclusionsRespiratory viruses, particularly RSV and HMPV, are major contributors to pneumonia in Australian children.
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