ReviewJournal of the American College of Cardiology2018
Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection in Atherothrombosis: JACC Review Topic of the Week.
Review in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 299 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
299 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 526 citations in OpenAlex.
- Performance of Tai Chi Chuan and NF-κB-driven proinflammatory gene expression (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α) in adult chronic disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Long-term trials of colchicine for secondary prevention of vascular events: a meta-analysis.European heart journal · 2025Pooled it
- Immunotherapy and vaccine-based approaches for atherosclerosis prevention: a systematic review study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of 11 oral preparations of single-source traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Advances in the study of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases.Journal of advanced research · 2024Pooled it
- Interleukin-receptor antagonist and tumour necrosis factor inhibitors for the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Meta-analysis on inflammation and autonomic nervous system of coronary heart disease combined with depression.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Treatment of periodontitis and C-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2023Pooled it
- Elevated Natriuretic Peptides in Patients With Severe or Critical COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis.Texas Heart Institute journal · 2022Pooled it
- Association of dyslipidemia with the severity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis.Virology journal · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of colchicine for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Internal and emergency medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of cholecalciferol on immune and vascular function in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Effect of the Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor, Febuxostat, on WBC Count in Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia: Subanalysis of the Randomized PRIZE Study.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2024Trial
- Effect of the Fermented Soy Q-CANNutrients · 2023Trial
- The low-dose colchicine in patients after non-CABG cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Bone marrow activation in response to metabolic syndrome and early atherosclerosis.European heart journal · 2022Trial
- The effect of an mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 on endothelial function and arterial stiffness.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2022Trial
- Colchicine effectively attenuates inflammatory biomarker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Inflammopharmacology · 2021Trial
- A Chemokine Profile Linked to Both Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Lipoprotein(a), But Not LDL, Is Associated With Cardiovascular Disease.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2026Article
239 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Observations on human and experimental atherosclerosis, biomarker studies, and now a large-scale clinical trial support the operation of immune and inflammatory pathways in this disease. The factors that incite innate and adaptive immune responses implicated in atherogenesis and in lesion complication include traditional risk factors such as protein and lipid components of native and modified low-density lipoprotein, angiotensin II, smoking, visceral adipose tissue, and dysmetabolism. Infectious processes and products of the endogenous microbiome might also modulate atherosclerosis and its complications either directly, or indirectly by eliciting local and systemic responses that potentiate disease expression. Trials with antibiotics have not reduced recurrent cardiovascular events, nor have vaccination strategies yet achieved clinical translation. However, anti-inflammatory interventions such as anticytokine therapy and colchicine have begun to show efficacy in this regard. Thus, inflammatory and immune mechanisms can link traditional and emerging risk factors to atherosclerosis, and offer novel avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.