Trial reportThe American journal of psychiatry2019
A Randomized Trial Comparing Extended-Release Injectable Suspension and Oral Naltrexone, Both Combined With Behavioral Therapy, for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.
Trial report in The American journal of psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-based consensus guidelines for the pharmacological management of substance dependence: Recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026Guideline
- Extended-release naltrexone versus oral naltrexone for substance use disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Pooled it
- Sustained-release naltrexone for opioid dependence.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of naltrexone on retention in treatment and being opioid-free in opioid-dependent people: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Rapid Initiation of Injection Naltrexone for Opioid Use Disorder: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Sexual orientation differences among men in a randomized clinical trial of extended-release naltrexone and bupropion for methamphetamine use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- Opioid use and dropout from extended-release naltrexone in a controlled trial: implications for mechanism.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Trial
- Should Residents Be Required to Administer Long-Acting Injectables?Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Naltrexone and Nalmefene as Modern Psychopharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: Modulation of Opioid Receptors and Neurobiological Pathways of Alcohol Action.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Prevention and Management of Opioid use Disorder and Overdose in Adolescents and Young Adults.Current psychiatry reports · 2025Review
- Exploring the impact of a medication adherence intervention on recovery and mental health outcomes: A secondary analysis of the MAT-PLUS pilot RCT.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Cognitive control in individuals with heroin use disorder after prolonged methadone maintenance treatment.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Medications for OUD: Extended-Release Naltrexone.Current addiction reports · 2025Article
- Effects Of Medicaid Waivers On Use Of Medications For Opioid Use Disorder And Nonfatal Overdoses In 17 States.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2024Article
- Medial prefrontal neuroplasticity during extended-release naltrexone treatment of opioid use disorder - a longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging study.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Informing evidence-based medicine for opioid use disorder using pharmacoeconomic studies.Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research · 2024Review
- Single cell transcriptomics reveals distinct transcriptional responses to oxycodone and buprenorphine by iPSC-derived brain organoids from patients with opioid use disorder.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Acute Pain and Development of Opioid Use Disorder: Patient Risk Factors.Current pain and headache reports · 2023Review
- Mechanism of opioid addiction and its intervention therapy: Focusing on the reward circuitry and mu-opioid receptor.MedComm · 2022Review
- The Potential of Methocinnamox as a Future Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: A Narrative Review.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe oral formulation of the opioid antagonist naltrexone has shown limited effectiveness for treatment of opioid use disorder due to poor adherence. Long-acting injection naltrexone (XR-naltrexone), administered monthly, circumvents the need for daily pill taking, potentially improving adherence, and has been shown to be superior to placebo in reducing opioid use over 6 months of treatment. This open-label trial compared the outcomes of patients with opioid use disorder treated with XR-naltrexone or oral naltrexone in combination with behavioral therapy.
methodSixty opioid-dependent adults completed inpatient opioid withdrawal and were transitioned to oral naltrexone. They were stratified by severity of opioid use (six or fewer bags versus more than six bags of heroin per day) and randomly assigned (1:1) to continue treatment with oral naltrexone (N=32) or XR-naltrexone (N=28) for 24 weeks. The first dose of XR-naltrexone (380 mg) was administered prior to discharge, with monthly doses thereafter, and oral naltrexone was given in a 50-mg daily dose. All participants received weekly behavioral therapy to support treatment and adherence to naltrexone.
resultsA Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for race, gender, route of use, and baseline opioid use severity indicated that significantly more patients were retained in treatment for 6 months in the XR-naltrexone group (16 of 28 patients, 57.1%) than in the oral naltrexone group (nine of 32 patients, 28.1%) (hazard ratio=2.18, 95% CI=1.07, 4.43).
conclusionsPatients receiving XR-naltrexone had twice the rate of treatment retention at 6 months compared with those taking oral naltrexone. These results support the use of XR-naltrexone combined with behavioral therapy as an effective treatment for patients seeking opioid withdrawal and nonagonist treatment for preventing relapse to opioid use disorder.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.