ReviewNutrients2018
Immune Function and Micronutrient Requirements Change over the Life Course.
Review in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06249620 (A Randomized Controlled Trial of Oral Suplementation With AM3, Hesperidin and Spermidine on Immunity Response and Biological Age in Healthy Volunteers.), which is not on this map. Cited by 295 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Oral Suplementation With AM3, Hesperidin and Spermidine on Immunity Response and Biological Age in Healthy Volunteers.
Who cites it
295 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 690 citations in OpenAlex.
- Schistosomiasis-Microbiota Interactions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Dietary intakes and nutritional issues in inborn errors of immunity: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Selenium serum levels in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Pooled it
- Agronomic biofortification of food crops: An emerging opportunity for global food and nutritional security.Frontiers in plant science · 2022Pooled it
- The influence of the urban food environment on diet, nutrition and health outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of protein-carbohydrate vs. carbohydrate alone supplementation on immune inflammation markers in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of applied physiology · 2023Trial
- Use of Nutraceuticals in Elderly to Fight Inflammation and Immuno-Senescence: A Randomized Case-Control Study.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Comparative Analysis of Selected Biochemical Markers Involved in Antioxidative, Immune Responses, and Thyroid Function in Wistar Rats Fed Diets Containing Baked Sprats.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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- Combined in ovo and post-hatch choline supplementation enhances growth and muscle development in goslings.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Co-managing the double burden: strategies for simultaneously tackling infectious and non-communicable diseases.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Folic Acid and Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Inflammaging and the role of micronutrients as immunomodulators: a pathway to healthy aging.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Review
- Impact of nutrition on long COVID.Sports medicine and health science · 2026Review
- Comparison of Mineral Levels in Blood and Hair Samples of Healthy Adults: Evaluating the Clinical Utility of Hair Mineral Analysis.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Review
- Protective Role of Vitamins C, D, and K in the Management of Dengue: A Narrative Review to Combat the Dengue Outbreak.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Serum vitamins and microelements levels and their association with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
235 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
As humans age, the risk and severity of infections vary in line with immune competence according to how the immune system develops, matures, and declines. Several factors influence the immune system and its competence, including nutrition. A bidirectional relationship among nutrition, infection and immunity exists: changes in one component affect the others. For example, distinct immune features present during each life stage may affect the type, prevalence, and severity of infections, while poor nutrition can compromise immune function and increase infection risk. Various micronutrients are essential for immunocompetence, particularly vitamins A, C, D, E, B2, B6, and B12, folic acid, iron, selenium, and zinc. Micronutrient deficiencies are a recognized global public health issue, and poor nutritional status predisposes to certain infections. Immune function may be improved by restoring deficient micronutrients to recommended levels, thereby increasing resistance to infection and supporting faster recovery when infected. Diet alone may be insufficient and tailored micronutrient supplementation based on specific age-related needs necessary. This review looks at immune considerations specific to each life stage, the consequent risk of infection, micronutrient requirements and deficiencies exhibited over the life course, and the available evidence regarding the effects of micronutrient supplementation on immune function and infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.