ReviewNutrients2018
The Influence of Caffeine Expectancies on Sport, Exercise, and Cognitive Performance.
Review in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Placebo effects of caffeine on sport performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Caffeine's influence on vertical jump height: a real-life collegiate student-athlete approach.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Are caffeine effects equivalent between different modes of administration: the acute effects of 3 mg.kgJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Trial
- How Repeatable Is the Ergogenic Effect of Caffeine? Limited Reproducibility of Acute Caffeine (3 mg.kgNutrients · 2022Trial
- Trial
- The Effect of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Tactical Performance of Professional Soccer Players.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Acute effects of two caffeine doses on bar velocity during the bench press exercise among women habituated to caffeine: a randomized, crossover, double-blind study involving control and placebo conditions.European journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Placebo Effect of Caffeine on Maximal Strength and Strength Endurance in Healthy Recreationally Trained Women Habituated to Caffeine.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Caffeine expectancy, explicit and implicit memory performance among female nursing students: a placebo-controlled quasi-experimental study.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Distinguishing caffeine expectancy from pharmacological effects: a comparative review of experimental designs with future directions.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Caffeine Effects on Physical Performance and Sport-Specific Skills in Elite Youth Soccer Players: A Randomised Trial Using the Balanced Placebo Design.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Are there Effective Vegan-Friendly Supplements for Optimizing Health and Sports Performance? a Narrative Review.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Boosting physical performance in SD rats through brain-targeted delivery of caffeine-loaded transferrin liposomes.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Caffeine improves the shooting performance and reaction time of first-person shooter esports players: a dose-response study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- The therapeutic potential of exercise and caffeine on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in athletes.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Caffeine (CAF) is widely consumed across sport and exercise for its reputed ergogenic properties, including central nervous stimulation and enhanced muscular force development. However, expectancy and the related psychological permutations that are associated with oral CAF ingestion are generally not considered in most experimental designs and these could be important in understanding if/how CAF elicits an ergogenic effect. The present paper reviews 17 intervention studies across sport, exercise, and cognitive performance. All explore CAF expectancies, in conjunction with/without CAF pharmacology. Thirteen out of 17 studies indicated expectancy effects of varying magnitudes across a range of exercise tasks and cognitive skills inclusive off but not limited to; endurance capacity, weightlifting performance, simple reaction time and memory. Factors, such as motivation, belief, and habitual CAF consumption habits influenced the response. In many instances, these effects were comparable to CAF pharmacology. Given these findings and the lack of consistency in the experimental design, future research acknowledging factors, such as habitual CAF consumption habits, habituated expectations, and the importance of subjective post-hoc analysis will help to advance knowledge within this area.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.