Microwave ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is effective for treating unresectable hepatoblastoma in infants and children.

The present study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment for unresectable hepatoblastoma in infants and children. A total of 17 patients with PRETEXT stage III and IV hepatoblastoma that was unresectable by conventional resection were included in the present study. The patients were treated with TACE, MWA, and chemotherapy. All cases were diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) and liver tumor biopsy before TACE procedure. All patients received 2 courses of TACE and 1 to 2 times of MWA. Finally, several cycles of chemotherapy were arranged. Among the 17 patients, 14 were alive and had normal alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. The other 3 patients died from tumor progression. The follow-up periods ranged from 10 to 68 months. Complete ablation was achieved in the 14 patients (14/17, 82.35%). Most patients were well tolerated during the whole course except for 1 patient with pneumonedema after TACE and another 1 with biloma after MWA. No marked chemotherapeutic agent-induced toxicity occurred. After chemotherapy or TACE, transient blood indicators and symptoms were observed as follows: myelosuppression, abnormal liver function, gross hematuria, fever, and abdominal pain. Transient symptoms after MWA were fever, abdominal pain, and massive gross hematuria. The present study demonstrates that MWA combined with TACE is a safe and effective method for treating unresectable hepatoblastoma in infants and children with controllable side effects.