ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2019
Sexual Risk Compensation in a Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Demonstration Study Among Individuals at Risk of HIV.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed.
- Doxycycline as Postsexual Exposure Prophylaxis: Use, Acceptability, and Associated Sexual Health Behaviors Among a Multi-Site Sample of Clinical Trial Participants.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2024Trial
- Assessment of risk compensation following use of the dapivirine vaginal ring in southwestern Uganda.Sexually transmitted infections · 2022Trial
- Successful integration of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis into a community-based HIV prevention program for female sex workers in Kolkata, India.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2021Trial
- Self-initiated continuation of and adherence to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) after PrEP demonstration project roll-off in men who have sex with men: associations with risky decision making, impulsivity/disinhibition, and sensation seeking.Journal of neurovirology · 2019Trial
- Suspected Sexual Transmission of Dermatophilosis among Men Who Have Sex with Men, Lyon and Paris, France, 2025-2026.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Where you live matters, but action is personal: insights from multilevel analysis of pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness, willingness, and use among men who have sex with men in China.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Immune-selection stability is a neglected property of the causal risk ratio.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Cabotegravir Maintains Protective Efficacy in the Setting of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Secondary Analysis of HPTN 083.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Utilisation of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and preferences of alternative long-acting modalities among men who have sex with men in Hong kong: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitutes and perceptions of medical and pharmacy students about HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis: a cross-sectional survey from Pakistan.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- If It Were Enabling, Where's the Evidence? Applying Moral Hazard and Risk Compensation Theories to Community Naloxone Distribution and Other "Safety Net" Public Health Interventions.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2025Article
- Developing and evaluating a community-driven intervention to promote uptake of HIV and contraception services among students enrolled in colleges and universities in Zimbabwe.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- DoxyPEP Implementation Preferences for Bacterial STD Prevention Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Living With and Without HIV in Los Angeles: A Mixed-Methods Approach.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2025Article
- Doxycycline prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections prevention among men who have sex with men in China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Self-Reported PrEP Use and Risk of Bacterial STIs Among Ontarian Men Who Are Gay or Bisexual or Have Sex With Men.Annals of family medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Questioning risk compensation: pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men, capital region of Denmark, 2019 to 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- Factors associated with retention and adherence on Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis among men who have sex with men in Kigali, Rwanda.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Article
- HIV Risk Perception and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Awareness Among Transgender Women from Mexico.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA public health concern regarding HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is sexual risk compensation (ie, increased unsafe sex among PrEP users that may undermine prevention efforts).
methodsThis demonstration study (NCT#01761643; initiated in 2013) included 398 men who have sex with men who initiated PrEP and were followed over 48 weeks at 4 sites in Southern California. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests compared previous 30-day number of sex partners and condomless insertive anal sex and receptive anal sex (CIAS and CRAS, respectively) acts at weeks 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 to baseline. At 2 sites, PrEP users were also compared with a lagged, comparison group of 99 men who have sex with men who did not receive PrEP over 24 weeks using linear regression models, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, and respective baseline scores. Logistic regression compared week 24 sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates.
resultsOver 48 weeks in the PrEP group, there were significant decreases in the number of unknown HIV status sex partners and increases in CRAS at all study visits; there was no consistent change in number of HIV+ sex partners or CIAS. Among participants at 2 sites, there were no significant differences between PrEP and non-PrEP users in change in number of partners, CIAS, CRAS, or STI rates at week 24.
conclusionsAmong early adopters of PrEP, there is some evidence for sexual risk compensation. Results support current guidelines of regular STI screening and behavioral risk reduction and adherence counseling with the provision of PrEP.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.