ReviewPathogens and global health2018
The impact of water crises and climate changes on the transmission of protozoan parasites in Africa.
Review in Pathogens and global health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cryptosporidium infections in animals across Asia (2015-2025): a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, host range, geographic distribution, and molecular epidemiology.Veterinary research · 2026Pooled it
- WaterborneJournal of water and health · 2024Pooled it
- The global prevalence and associated risk factors of Eimeria infection in domestic chickens: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A 'One Health' perspective of Africa-wide distribution and prevalence of Giardia species in humans, animals and waterbodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasitology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The triple threat of Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Entamoeba infections in Nigerian children.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dynamics of household water use determinants in selected Local Government Areas in Oyo Zone of Oyo State Nigeria.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Geography Matters: Integrating Spatial Determinants to Tackle Public Health Disparities.Environmental health insights · 2026Article
- Scoping review on assessing climate-sensitive health risks.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Review
- One Health Ethics and the Ethics of Zoonoses: A Silent Call for Global Action.Veterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Gastrointestinal parasitic infections: Prevalence and risk factors in West Ismailia, Arab Republic of Egypt.Gut pathogens · 2024Article
- Examining the molecular epidemiology of Giardia and Eimeria species in Japan: a comprehensive review.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2024Review
- Reduction of Malnutrition Related to Unsafe Water Consumption in Developing Countries: Potabilization of Surface Water and Traditional Well Water, with Plant Extracts.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of protozoan parasite infections among patients with mental health disorders: an overlooked phenomenon.Gut pathogens · 2024Review
- Diagnostic Performance of Toluidine Blue Stain for Direct Wet Mount Detection ofDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Anti-Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Exploring genetic variability ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Epidemiology of free-living amoebae in the Philippines: a review and update.Pathogens and global health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Waterborne protozoa (WBP) are important cause of several outbreaks all over the world. The report system of WBP in Africa is weak. More than one third of African countries (21/54) reported WBP with absent reports in the remaining countries (33/54). The top reported WBP were Cryptosporidium, Giardia, FLA and Entamoeba contaminating different African water resources. Other protozoa were less documented even though it is abundant and robust. More than one protozoa were detected in contaminated African water including drinking sources, a prediction index to popular epidemics and real presence of undocumented WBP outbreaks. Risk factors in Africa were observed to be abundant and multi-factorial 'socioeconomic, governmental, pathogen in water and climate change. Climate change is an important factor impacting Africa. Increasing droughts in Africa with other extreme weather events will lead to water crises. Incidence and transmission of WBP will change, with new manifested strains/species. Recognizing future consequences of water crises in Africa are important. Governments and population unity will be needed to protect against expected raise and spread of WBP diseases and water shortages.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.