ReviewRevista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)
Noninvasive brain stimulation in psychiatric disorders: a primer.
Review in Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04889976 (Psychological Interventions and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 77 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Psychological Interventions and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 195 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2025Pooled it
- Challenges and future directions of transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2025Pooled it
- Non-invasive brain stimulation for stroke-related motor impairment and disability: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Across Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Cognitive Deficits in Depression: A Systematic Review.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for apathy in patients with neurodegenerative conditions, cognitive impairment, stroke, and traumatic brain injury: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation effects on cognitive enhancement in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Digitalized transcranial electrical stimulation: A consensus statement.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Non-invasive brain stimulation combined with psychosocial intervention for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Evidence-based umbrella review of cognitive effects of prefrontal tDCS.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Current Updates on Newer Forms of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Major Depression.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Pooled it
- Effectiveness of noninvasive brain stimulation in the treatment of anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis of sham or behaviour-controlled studies.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPNPooled it
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in binge eating disorder: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.Psychological medicine · 2025Trial
- Cortical thickness is related to working memory performance after non-invasive brain stimulation.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2023Trial
- 'My dad was like "it's your brain, what are you doing?"': Participant experiences of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in severe enduring anorexia nervosa.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2022Trial
- Treatment of mixed depression with theta-burst stimulation (TBS): results from a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Neural changes in youth at high risk for bipolar disorder undergoing family-focused therapy or psychoeducation.Bipolar disorders · 2021Trial
- Distinct trajectories of response to prefrontal tDCS in major depression: results from a 3-arm randomized controlled trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Cognitive outcomes of the bipolar depression electrical treatment trial (BETTER): a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2021Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Treating Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA psychiatry · 2020Trial
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveNoninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), are increasingly being used to treat mental disorders, particularly major depression. The aim of this comprehensive review is to summarize the main advances, limitations, and perspectives of the field.
methodsWe searched PubMed and other databases from inception to July 2017 for articles, particularly systematic reviews and meta-analyses, evaluating the use of NIBS in psychiatric disorders.
resultsWe reviewed the mechanisms of action, safety, tolerability, efficacy, and relevant clinical parameters of NIBS. Repetitive TMS is already an established technique for the treatment of depression, and there is theoretically room for further methodological development towards a high-end therapeutic intervention. In contrast, tDCS is a technically easier method and therefore potentially suitable for wider clinical use. However the evidence of its antidepressant efficacy is less sound, and a recent study found tDCS to be inferior to antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Clinical trials using rTMS for other mental disorders produced mixed findings, whereas tDCS use has not been sufficiently appraised.
conclusionThe most promising results of NIBS have been obtained for depression. These techniques excel in safety and tolerability, although their efficacy still warrants improvement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.