ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2019
"Starfish Sampling": a Novel, Hybrid Approach to Recruiting Hidden Populations.
Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Centering Undocumented Immigrants: A Cross-Sectional Study of Sexual and Reproductive Health of Undocumented Asian and Latinx Immigrants in California.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026Article
- Understanding the role of overdose witnesses: responses and characteristics of people who inject drugs in Oakland and San Francisco.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Measuring mobility in HIV research in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Novel methods to construct a representative sample for surveying California's unhoused population: the California Statewide Study of People Experiencing Homelessness.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Recent HIV testing and self-reported HIV prevalence among men who inject drugs in Afghanistan: a nationwide survey in 2019-2020.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Article
- A peer-educator driven approach for sampling populations at increased mpox risk in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Implications for surveillance and response.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- The Development and the Assessment of Sampling Methods for Hard-to-Reach Populations in HIV Surveillance.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Intergenerational sex and early sexual debut are associated with HIV infection among transgender women in Paraguay.HIV medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Addressing Health Inequities in Digital Clinical Trials: A Review of Challenges and Solutions From the Field of HIV Research.Epidemiologic reviews · 2022Review
- Strategies to Identify and Reach Young Women Who Sell Sex With HIV Prevention and Care Services: Lessons Learnt From the Implementation of DREAMS Services in Two Cities in Zimbabwe.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2022Article
- Implementation of respondent driven sampling in Nairobi, Kenya, for tracking key family planning indicators among adolescents and youth: lessons learnt.BMC research notes · 2022Article
- Characterizing the PrEP Continuum for Black and Latinx Sexual and Gender Minority Youth.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Article
- Comparing recruitment strategies to engage hard-to-reach men who have sex with men living with HIV with unsuppressed viral loads in four US cities: Results from HPTN 078.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
- Improving Underestimation of HIV Prevalence in Surveys Using Time-Location Sampling.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2021Article
- An evaluation of assumptions underlying respondent-driven sampling and the social contexts of sexual and gender minority youth participating in HIV clinical trials in the United States.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We sought to leverage the strengths of time location sampling (TLS) and respondent-driven sampling (RDS) for surveys of hidden populations by combing elements of both methods in a new approach we call "starfish sampling." Starfish sampling entails random selection of venue-day-time units from a mapping of the locations where the population can be found, combined with short chains of peer referrals from their social networks at the venue or presenting to the study site later. Using the population of transmen in San Francisco as a case example, we recruited 122 eligible participants using starfish sampling: 79 at randomly selected venues, 11 on dating applications, and 32 by referral. Starfish sampling produced one of the largest community-recruited samples specifically for transmen to date. Starfish sampling is a flexibility method to recruit and sample hidden populations for whom conventional TLS and RDS may not work in theory or practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.