Trial reportMicrobiome2018
Probiotic supplementation restores normal microbiota composition and function in antibiotic-treated and in caesarean-born infants.
Trial report in Microbiome, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 129 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Use of Probiotic Bacteria in Prevention of Allergic Disease in Children 1999-2008
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Determine the Efficacy of a Multi-strain Synbiotic (SH-DS01) to Restore Gut Barrier Integrity and Gut Microbiota Composition After Antibiotic Administration.
Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 240 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proteomic profiling in personalized nutrition: a systematic review and methodological frameworks of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Infant gut microbiota following cesarean section in the Middle East: a multidisciplinary expert consensus based on a targeted narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- The Impact of Cesarean Section Delivery on Intestinal Microbiota: Mechanisms, Consequences, and Perspectives-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of probiotic on anxiety and depression symptoms in pregnant and lactating women and microbiota of infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Faecal Microbiota in Infants and Young Children with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Are Probiotics and Prebiotics Safe for Use during Pregnancy and Lactation? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of Maternal Nutritional Supplementation during Pregnancy and Lactation on the Infant Gut or Breastmilk Microbiota: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Different classes of antibiotics given to women routinely for preventing infection at caesarean section.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal exposure to antibiotics increases the risk of infant eczema before one year of life: a meta-analysis of observational studies.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2020Pooled it
- Maternal exposures and the infant gut microbiome: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Gut microbesPooled it
- Efficacy ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- High-dose multi-strain Bacillus probiotics enhance treatment and reduce antibiotic usage in children with persistent diarrhea through immune and microbiota modulation.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Evaluation of efficacy and safety ofFrontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota Composition of Infants Delivered by Cesarean Section: An Exploratory, Randomized, Open-label, Parallel-controlled Trial.Current microbiology · 2023Trial
- Effect ofNutrients · 2023Trial
- Does Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation Impact the Effort Capacity of Competitive Road Cyclists?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Human milk microbiome as a modulator of the early-life gut-brain axis: mechanisms and translational opportunities for neurodevelopment.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfants born by caesarean section or receiving antibiotics are at increased risk of developing metabolic, inflammatory and immunological diseases, potentially due to disruption of normal gut microbiota at a critical developmental time window. We investigated whether probiotic supplementation could ameliorate the effects of antibiotic use or caesarean birth on infant microbiota in a double blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Mothers were given a multispecies probiotic, consisting of Bifidobacterium breve Bb99 (Bp99 2 × 10
resultsThe probiotic supplement had a strong overall impact on the microbiota composition, but the effect depended on the infant's diet. Only breastfed infants showed the expected increase in bifidobacteria and reduction in Proteobacteria and Clostridia. In the placebo group, both birth mode and antibiotic use were significantly associated with altered microbiota composition and function, particularly reduced Bifidobacterium abundance. In the probiotic group, the effects of antibiotics and birth mode were either completely eliminated or reduced.
conclusionsThe results indicate that it is possible to correct undesired changes in microbiota composition and function caused by antibiotic treatments or caesarean birth by supplementing infants with a probiotic mixture together with at least partial breastfeeding.
trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov NCT00298337 . Registered March 2, 2006.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.