ArticleAIDS (London, England)2019
Strong sex bias in elite control of paediatric HIV infection.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of sex differences in adult and paediatric HIV-1 cure.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Type 2 diabetes in people living with HIV: epidemiology, mechanisms, sex differences and early-life determinants.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Persistent Seronegativity and Absence of Intact Proviruses Despite Prolonged Initial Viremia in Early-Treated Perinatal HIV Infection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Learning from nature: HIV elite controllers as blueprints for a functional cure.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Article
- Growing Up with HIV: A Comprehensive Review of Treatment and Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- Human models that inform antiretroviral therapy-free remission with perinatally acquired HIV infection.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Long-term non-progression in children with HIV: estimates from international cohort data.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- Viremic non-progression in HIV/SIV infection: A tied game between virus and host.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Review
- Research Toward a Cure for Perinatal HIV.Clinics in perinatology · 2024Review
- A gut check: understanding the interplay of the gastrointestinal microbiome and the developing immune system towards the goal of pediatric HIV remission.Retrovirology · 2024Review
- Comparative analysis of within-host dynamics of acute infection and viral rebound dynamics in postnatally SHIV-infected ART-treated infant rhesus macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Slow progression of pediatric HIV associates with early CD8+ T cell PD-1 expression and a stem-like phenotype.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in HIV Infection.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Article
- Two Distinct Mechanisms Leading to Loss of Virological Control in the Rare Group of Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive, Transiently Aviremic Children Living with HIV.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Approach to the management of paediatric HIV spontaneous controllers.Southern African journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Challenges and Opportunities of Therapies Targeting Early Life Immunity for Pediatric HIV Cure.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Sexual Dimorphism in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection: Evidence to Inform Elimination Efforts.Wellcome open research · 2022Review
- Role of Early Life Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte and Natural Killer Cell Immunity in Paediatric HIV Cure/Remission in the Anti-Retroviral Therapy Era.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
25 authors at 13 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundReports of posttreatment control following antiretroviral therapy (ART) have prompted the question of how common immune control of HIV infection is in the absence of ART. In contrast to adult infection, where elite controllers have been very well characterized and constitute approximately 0.5% of infections, very few data exist to address this question in paediatric infection.
methodsWe describe 11 ART-naive elite controllers from 10 cohorts of HIV-infected children being followed in South Africa, Brazil, Thailand, and Europe.
resultsAll but one of the elite controllers (91%) are females. The median age at which control of viraemia was achieved was 6.5 years. Five of these 11 (46%) children lost control of viraemia at a median age of 12.9 years. Children who maintained control of viraemia had significantly higher absolute CD4 cell counts in the period of elite control than those who lost viraemic control. On the basis of data available from these cohorts, the prevalence of elite controllers in paediatric infection is estimated to be 5-10-fold lower than in adults.
conclusionAlthough conclusions are limited by the study design, these data suggest that, whilst paediatric elite control can be achieved, compared with adult elite controllers, this occurs rarely, and takes some years after infection to achieve. Also, loss of immune control arises in a high proportion of children and often relatively rapidly. These findings are consistent with the more potent antiviral immune responses observed in adults and in females.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.