ArticleDemography2018
Longevity and Lifespan Variation by Educational Attainment in Spain: 1960-2015.
Article in Demography, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Structured Inequality, Uncertain Lifespans: Demographic Perspectives on Predicting Individual-Level Longevity.Population and development review · 2026Article
- A Double Decomposition of Standard Deviation Below the Modal Age at Death and the Role of Causes of Death.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2026Article
- Longer healthy life, but for how many? A stochastic analysis of healthy lifespan inequality.Annals of operations research · 2026Article
- Educational Disparities in Preventable Deaths: Do They Explain the Longevity Gap Between Mexico and Spain?Journal of aging and health · 2025Article
- Spatial Trends in Mortality Convergence: The Cases of France, Italy, and Spain, 1975-2019.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2025Article
- All-cause and cause-specific mortality attributable to educational inequalities in Spain.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in life expectancy and lifespan variation in Chile.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on subnational variations in life expectancy and life disparity at birth in India: evidence from NFHS and SRS data.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- Age and cause-of-death contributions to educational inequalities in life expectancy and lifespan variation in a low-mortality country: A cross-sectional study of 1.67 million deaths in Spain (2016-19).SSM - population health · 2023Article
- The socioeconomic distribution of life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in Chile.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Cause-specific mortality in Spain during the pandemic: educational differences and its impact on life expectancy.European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Levels, trends, and determinants of cause-of-death diversity in a global perspective: 1990-2019.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Dynamic Changes in the Association Between Education and Health in the United States.The Milbank quarterly · 2023Review
- Article
- (Healthy) Aging Patterns in Europe: A Multistate Health Transition Approach.Journal of population ageing · 2023Article
- The evolution of personality disorders: A review of proposals.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Review
- A GBD 2019 study of health and Sustainable Development Goal gains and forecasts to 2030 in Spain.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Extreme Temperature and Mortality by Educational Attainment in Spain, 2012-2018.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2022Article
- Macro-level factors explaining inequalities in expected years lived free of and with chronic conditions across Spanish regions and over time (2006-2019).SSM - population health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For a long time, studies of socioeconomic gradients in health have limited their attention to between-group comparisons. Yet, ignoring the differences that might exist within groups and focusing on group-specific life expectancy levels and trends alone, one might arrive at overly simplistic conclusions. Using data from the Spanish Encuesta Sociodemográfica and recently released mortality files by the Spanish Statistical Office (INE), this is the first study to simultaneously document (1) the gradient in life expectancy by educational attainment groups, and (2) the inequality in age-at-death distributions within and across those groups for the period between 1960 and 2015 in Spain. Our findings suggest that life expectancy has been increasing for all education groups but particularly among the highly educated. We observe diverging trends in life expectancy, with the differences between the low- and highly educated becoming increasingly large, particularly among men. Concomitantly with increasing disparities across groups, length-of-life inequality has decreased for the population as a whole and for most education groups, and the contribution of the between-group component of inequality to overall inequality has been extremely small. Even if between-group inequality has increased over time, its contribution has been too small to have sizable effects on overall inequality. In addition, our results suggest that education expansion and declining within-group variability might have been the main drivers of overall lifespan inequality reductions. Nevertheless, the diverging trends in longevity and lifespan inequality across education groups represent an important phenomenon whose underlying causes and potential implications should be investigated in detail.
Indexed as
Identifiers
30324395What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.