ArticleAnnals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England2018
A systematic review of McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome.
Article in Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elevated PGE2 and COX-2 expression in villous adenoma: Implications for electrolyte depletion syndrome.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome Caused by Giant Tubulovillous Adenomas With Malignant Transformation: A Case Report.Case reports in gastrointestinal medicine · 2026Article
- Large rectal Tubulovillous adenoma leading to McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome.Oxford medical case reports · 2025Article
- Organ-preserving endoscopic resection of a large colorectal lesion causing McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome.Endoscopy · 2025Article
- McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome, a Rare Cause of Nonresponsive Persistent Dyselectrolytemia.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Large Tubulovillous Rectal Mass Causing McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome.ACG case reports journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Renal failure due to rectal neoplastic polyp: McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome-a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Surgical Treatment of a Severe Electrolyte Imbalance: A Case Report of an Elderly Patient With McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome.Case reports in surgery · 2025Article
- McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome presenting with presumed paraneoplastic syndrome extra-ocular muscle enlargement masquerading as thyroid eye disease.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports · 2023Article
- McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome: A Case Report.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome: A rare cause of chronic diarrhea treated with endoscopic polypectomy.SAGE open medical case reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Uncommon Association of Mckittrick-Wheelock Syndrome andDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome: A Neoplastic Cause of Electrolyte Imbalance.European journal of case reports in internal medicine · 2022Article
- Rare case of advanced rectal cancer with multiple liver and bone metastases presenting with McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2021Article
- Article
- A case of rectal villous tumor with shortness of breath in a 70-year-old woman-Uncommon symptom of McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome.Clinical case reports · 2020Article
- Rapid Malignant Transformation of Tubulovillous Adenoma, Initially Presenting as McKittrick-Wheelock Syndrome: A Case Report.Case reports in oncologyArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionMcKittrick-Wheelock syndrome describes the condition of extreme electrolyte and fluid depletion caused by large distal colorectal tumours, usually the benign villous adenoma. Patients generally present critically unwell with severe hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia and/or acute kidney injury.
methodsA structured literature review was undertaken to discover what is known about this condition, which is almost universally described as rare. Important features of the syndrome were identified, including common presenting symptoms, blood results, tumour location and size.
findingsOur literature search identified 257 cases reported across all languages. The most remarkable features were the long duration of symptoms (median 24 months) and the significant electrolyte derangements (median sodium of 122mmol/l and median potassium of 2.7mmol/l at initial presentation). Five key recommendations are made to improve diagnosis, including aggressive fluid resuscitation to match rectal losses and surgical intervention on the index admission. The advantages and disadvantages of different treatment options are discussed, including minimally invasive alternatives to traditional resectional surgery.
conclusionsMcKittrick-Wheelock syndrome describes a normally benign condition that can cause patients to become critically unwell and so it behoves all clinicians to be aware of it. By publishing recommendations based on a comprehensive literature review, we aim to improve diagnosis and management of this life threatening condition.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.