Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30321252›Full record

ArticleAnnals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine2019

UNC Perceived Message Effectiveness: Validation of a Brief Scale.

Sabeeh A Baig, Seth M Noar, Nisha C Gottfredson, Marcella H Boynton, Kurt M Ribisl, Noel T Brewer

Registry-linked trialAbstract readComparative StudyValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04637412 (Perceived Effectiveness of Added Sugar Labels), which is not on this map. Cited by 96 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
96citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04637412 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Perceived Effectiveness of Added Sugar Labels

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, DavisRan2020 to 2020Enrolled1,448ConditionsHealth Knowledge, Attitude to HealthArmsMenu label
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

96 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. Sharing Antivaping Social Media Messages.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025
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  12. Relative Efficacy of Cigarillo Warning Statements in Text and Pictorial Formats: An Experimental Study Among a Sample of US Young Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
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  17. Perceived Effectiveness of Cigar Warnings in Discouraging Blunt Use.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024
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  20. Framing Effects in Youth E-Cigarette Use Prevention: Individual Text Messages Versus Simulated Text Exchanges.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2023
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36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sabeeh A BaigDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Seth M NoarSchool of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Nisha C GottfredsonDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Marcella H BoyntonDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Kurt M RibislDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Noel T BrewerDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Funding

Training & Education Program p294-308P50CA180907 · NCI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI RIBISL, KURT M. · 2013 to 2017
$20.2M
The Impact of Affect Regulatory Mechanisms and Binge Eating on Drug RecoveryK01DA035153 · NIDA · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI GOTTFREDSON O'SHEA, NISHA · 2014 to 2018
$777k
NCI NIH HHS P50 CA180907NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA035153
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInterventionists commonly identify promising messages for health communication efforts based on audience members' ratings of perceived message effectiveness (PME). PURPOSE: We sought to validate a new PME measure that improved on existing scales by focusing on the behavior and respondent, being brief, and having strong psychometric properties.

methodsParticipants were a national convenience sample of 999 adults and national probability samples of 1,692 adults and 869 adolescents recruited in 2015. Smokers and nonsmokers rated up to six brief messages about the chemicals in cigarette smoke on two PME scales. The first was the new three-item University of North Carolina (UNC) PME Scale that assessed effects perceptions. The second was an established six-item PME scale that assessed message perceptions. We examined the UNC PME Scale's psychometric properties and compared both scales using item factor analysis.

resultsThe UNC PME Scale measured the same construct across multiple chemical messages (all factor loadings ≥ 0.86). It exhibited high reliability (>0.85) over very low to moderate levels of PME (z = -2.5 to 0.2), a range that is useful for identifying more promising messages. Samples of adults and adolescents showed a similar pattern of results. As expected, the UNC PME Scale was strongly positively correlated with message perceptions (r = .84). It also exhibited strong psychometric properties among participants regardless of education, reactance, sex, and smoking status. DISCUSSION: The UNC PME Scale reliably and validly measured PME among adults and adolescents from diverse groups. This brief scale may be used to efficiently evaluate candidate antismoking messages and may be suitable for adaptation to other health risk behaviors.

Indexed as

Health CommunicationAdolescentAdultAgedBehavior Rating ScaleFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProgram EvaluationPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsSmokersYoung AdultFormative researchHealth communicationItem response theoryMessage development

Identifiers

PMID30321252
PMCPMC6636889

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.