Trial reportJournal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition2019
A Novel Donkey Milk-derived Human Milk Fortifier in Feeding Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of three mammalian milk-derived fortifiers on morbidity and mortality in preterm infants: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Pooled it
- The "Fortilat" Randomized Clinical Trial Follow-Up: Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 18 Months of Age.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- The "Fortilat" Randomized Clinical Trial Follow-Up: Auxological Outcome at 18 Months of Age.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Urinary Metabolomic Profile of Preterm Infants Receiving Human Milk with Either Bovine or Donkey Milk-Based Fortifiers.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Bovine colostrum as a human milk fortifier for very preterm infants with slow feeding advancement: a randomized controlled trial.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Narrative review of human milk fortifiers for preterm infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Nutritional Strategies for Preterm Neonates and Preterm Neonates Undergoing Surgery: New Insights for Practice and Wrong Beliefs to Uproot.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Improving growth in preterm infants through nutrition: a practical overview.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Is there sufficient evidence to support the health benefits of including donkey milk in the diet?Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Valorization of donkey milk: Technology, functionality, and future prospects.JDS communications · 2022Review
- Current Knowledge on Functionality and Potential Therapeutic Uses of Donkey Milk.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- [Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm infants (2020)].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2020Article
- Comparison of Oxidative Status of Human Milk, Human Milk Fortifiers and Preterm Infant Formulas.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe purpose of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare the use of donkey milk-derived fortifier (DF) with commercial bovine milk-derived fortifier (BF) in very preterm or very-low-birth-weight newborns, in terms of feeding tolerance.
methodsThis trial included 156 newborns born at <32 weeks of gestational age and/or with a birth weight ≤1500 g. Newborns were randomized 1:1 to receive enteral feeding with either a BF-arm, or a new, DF-arm for 21 days. The fortification protocol was the same for both study arms, and the 2 diets were designed to be isoproteic and isocaloric. Feeding tolerance was assessed by a standardized protocol.
resultsThe risk of feeding intolerance tended to be lower in DF-arm than in BF-arm, with a relative risk reduction of 0.63 (95% confidence interval: -0.29, +0.90). The mean number of episodes per newborn of feeding intolerance and feeding interruptions (any duration) were consistently lower in the DF-arm than in the BF-arm. Episodes of bilious gastric residuals and vomiting were significantly lower in the DF-arm. Time needed to reach full enteral feeding (150 mL · kg · day) and daily weight increase between the first day of exclusive enteral feeding (ie, without administering intravenous fluids) and discharge were similar in the BF- and DF-arms.
conclusionsThese results suggest that DF improve feeding tolerance when compared with standard bovine-derived fortifiers, with a similar auxological outcome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.