ArticleDecision (Washington, D.C.)2018
A formal model of fuzzy-trace theory: Variations on framing effects and the Allais paradox.
Article in Decision (Washington, D.C.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Does zero mean nothing? Investigating the attentional mechanism of the hidden-zero effect in risky decision-making.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Risky-choice framing effects persist when option descriptions are matched and complete: A replication and extension of DeKay and Dou (2024).Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- A New Look at Vaccination Behaviors and Intentions: The Case of Influenza.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impact of gist intervention on automated system interpretability and user decision making.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2024Article
- Critical tests of fuzzy trace theory in brain and behavior: uncertainty across time, probability, and development.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Supporting Health and Medical Decision Making: Findings and Insights from Fuzzy-Trace Theory.Medical decision making : an international journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making · 2022Article
- How Fuzzy-trace Theory Predicts Development of Risky Decision Making, with Novel Extensions to Culture and Reward Sensitivity.Developmental review : DR · 2021Article
- Viruses, Vaccines, and COVID-19: Explaining and Improving Risky Decision-making.Journal of applied research in memory and cognition · 2021Article
- Explaining risky choices with judgments: Framing, the zero effect, and the contextual relativity of gist.Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition · 2021Article
- A scientific theory of gist communication and misinformation resistance, with implications for health, education, and policy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Review
- Understanding the intention to use bike-sharing system: A case study in Xi'an, China.PloS one · 2021Article
- To illuminate and motivate: A fuzzy-trace model of the spread of information online.Computational and mathematical organization theory · 2020Article
- Article
- Developing a gist-extraction typology based on journalistic lead writing: A case of food risk news.Heliyon · 2018Article
- When Irrational Biases Are Smart: A Fuzzy-Trace Theory of Complex Decision Making.Journal of Intelligence · 2018Article
- Gist Representations and Decision-Making Processes Affecting Antibiotic Prescribing for Children with Acute Otitis Media.MDM policy & practiceArticle
- Effects of Probabilities, Adverse Outcomes, and Status Quo on Perceived Riskiness of Medications: Testing Explanatory Hypotheses Concerning Gist, Worry, and Numeracy.Applied cognitive psychologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Fuzzy-trace theory assumes that decision-makers process qualitative "gist" representations and quantitative "verbatim" representations in parallel. We develop a lattice model of fuzzy-trace theory that explains both processes. Specifically, the model provides a novel formalization of how: 1) decision-makers encode multiple representations of options in parallel; 2) representations compete or combine so that choices often turn on the simplest representation of encoded gists; and 3) choices between representations are made based on positive vs. negative valences associated with social and moral principles stored in long-term memory (e.g., saving lives is good). The model integrates effects of individual differences in numeracy, metacognitive monitoring and editing, and sensation seeking. We conducted a systematic review of variations on framing effects and the Allais Paradox, both core phenomena of risky decision-making, and tested whether our model could predict observed choices: The model successfully predicted 82 out of 88 (93%) pairs of studies (comparing gain to loss conditions) demonstrating 16 variations on effects, theoretically critical manipulations that eliminate or exaggerate framing effects. When examining these conditions individually, the model successfully predicted 153 (90%) out of 170 eligible studies. Parameters of the model varied in theoretically meaningful ways with differences in numeracy, metacognitive monitoring, and sensation seeking, accounting for risk preferences at the group level. New experiments show similar results at the individual level. The model is also shown to be scientifically parsimonious using standard measures. Relations to current theories, such as Cumulative Prospect Theory, and potential extensions are discussed.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.