ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
Hypervariable Region 1 in Envelope Protein 2 of Hepatitis C Virus: A Linchpin in Neutralizing Antibody Evasion and Viral Entry.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatitis C in the Direct-Acting Antiviral Era: Immunopathogenesis, Dendritic Cells and Modern Clinical Management.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Native-like soluble E1E2 glycoprotein heterodimers on self-assembling protein nanoparticles for hepatitis C virus vaccine design.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Antibody-mediated control of anellovirus infection: evidence from people who inject drugs.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Fine-tuning of hepatitis C virus immune evasion through hypervariable region 1 insertions.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2025Article
- Selective Diversity in RNA Viruses: Do They Know How to Evolve? A Hypothesis.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Contemporary Insights into Hepatitis C Virus: A Comprehensive Review.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Hepatitis C Virus E1E2 Structure, Diversity, and Implications for Vaccine Development.Viruses · 2024Review
- Establishment and methodological evaluation of a chemiluminescence assay for detection of anti-envelope protein (E1, E2) antibodies in the serum of hepatitis C virus-infected patients.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2024Article
- Full-length sequence analysis of hepatitis C virus genotype 3b strains and development of anJournal of virology · 2023Article
- Structure of engineered hepatitis C virus E1E2 ectodomain in complex with neutralizing antibodies.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Polyvalent immunization elicits a synergistic broadly neutralizing immune response to hypervariable region 1 variants of hepatitis C virus.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Hepatitis C virus hypervariable region 1 antibodies interrupt E2-SR-B1 interaction to suppress viral infection.iScience · 2023Article
- Induction of cross-neutralizing antibodies by a permuted hepatitis C virus glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine candidate.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Dose-Dependent Hepacivirus Infection Reveals Linkage between Infectious Dose and Immune Response.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies using a secreted form of the hepatitis C virus E1E2 heterodimer as a vaccine candidate.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- [Development approaches for vaccines against hepatitis C virus infections].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2022Review
- Intra-host analysis of hepaciviral glycoprotein evolution reveals signatures associated with viral persistence and clearance.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- Pathogenesis, MicroRNA-122 Gene-Regulation, and Protective Immune Responses After Acute Equine Hepacivirus Infection.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2021Article
- Structural perspectives on HCV humoral immune evasion mechanisms.Current opinion in virology · 2021Review
- In vitro adaptation and characterization of attenuated hypervariable region 1 swap chimeras of hepatitis C virus.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the cause of about 400,000 annual liver disease-related deaths. The global spread of this important human pathogen can potentially be prevented through the development of a vaccine, but this challenge has proven difficult, and much remains unknown about the multitude of mechanisms by which this heterogeneous RNA virus evades inactivation by neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). The N-terminal motif of envelope protein 2 (E2), termed hypervariable region 1 (HVR1), changes rapidly in immunoglobulin-competent patients due to antibody-driven antigenic drift. HVR1 contains NAb epitopes and is directly involved in protecting diverse antibody-specific epitopes on E1, E2, and E1/E2 through incompletely understood mechanisms. The ability of HVR1 to protect HCV from NAbs appears linked with modulation of HCV entry co-receptor interactions. Thus, removal of HVR1 increases interaction with CD81, while altering interaction with scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) in a complex fashion, and decreasing interaction with low-density lipoprotein receptor. Despite intensive efforts this modulation of receptor interactions by HVR1 remains incompletely understood. SR-BI has received the most attention and it appears that HVR1 is involved in a multimodal HCV/SR-BI interaction involving high-density-lipoprotein associated ApoCI, which may prime the virus for later entry events by exposing conserved NAb epitopes, like those in the CD81 binding site. To fully elucidate the multifunctional role of HVR1 in HCV entry and NAb evasion, improved E1/E2 models and comparative studies with other NAb evasion strategies are needed. Derived knowledge may be instrumental in the development of a prophylactic HCV vaccine.
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