Trial reportBritish journal of cancer2018
Galunisertib plus gemcitabine vs. gemcitabine for first-line treatment of patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.
Trial report in British journal of cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 201 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
201 citing papers in PubMed, 267 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autotaxin Secretion Is a Stromal Mechanism of Adaptive Resistance to TGFβ Inhibition in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cancer research · 2024Trial
- Safety and activity of the TGFβ receptor I kinase inhibitor galunisertib plus the anti-PD-L1 antibody durvalumab in metastatic pancreatic cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Trial
- Phase 1b/2a study of galunisertib, a small molecule inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta receptor I, in combination with standard temozolomide-based radiochemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma.Investigational new drugs · 2020Trial
- Inflammation and carcinogenesis: molecular targets and small-molecule intervention strategies.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- 3D tissue model to patient atlas: dynamic network topology reveals PDAC chemoresistance bottlenecks.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Article
- Niches in cancer: from primary tumors to metastatic disease.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Metabolic reprogramming in cancer-associated fibroblasts: orchestrating the tumor immune microenvironment and response to immune checkpoint blockade.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- SNX3 exacerbates hepatic fibrosis by amplifying TGF-Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Current therapeutic interventions to target cancer stem cells for metastasis.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Review
- The tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer: from composition to therapeutic targeting.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Biofabrication and artificial intelligence strategies for investigating solid- and fluid-pressure mechanobiology in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Review
- ATM Deficiency Induces TGFβ-Mediated Stromal Programming in Pancreatic Cancer.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Aging and cancer: current understandings and future perspectives.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Decoding the CAF-TAM axis: multi-omics dissection and therapeutic targeting of stromal-immune crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- Review
- The TGF-βR1 inhibitor galunisertib re-shapes the PDAC-TME by limiting decidual-like natural killer cells polarization.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Rationale for multi-epitope TGFβ vaccination in pancreatic cancer: evidence from immunologic and clinical correlates.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
141 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 12 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGalunisertib is the first-in-class, first-in-human, oral small-molecule type I transforming growth factor-beta receptor (ALK5) serine/threonine kinase inhibitor to enter clinical development. The effect of galunisertib vs. placebo in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer was determined.
methodsThis was a two-part, multinational study: phase 1b was a non-randomised, open-label, multicentre, and dose-escalation study; phase 2 was a randomised, placebo- and Bayesian-augmented controlled, double-blind study in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma considered candidates for first-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine. Patients were randomised 2:1 to galunisertib-gemcitabine (N = 104) or placebo-gemcitabine (N = 52). Gemcitabine dose was 1000 mg/m
resultsDose-escalation suggested a 300-mg/day dose. Primary objective was met: median survival times were 8.9 and 7.1 months for galunisertib and placebo, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.79 [95% credible interval: 0.59-1.09] and posterior probability HR < 1 = 0.93). Lower baseline biomarkers macrophage inflammatory protein-1-alpha and interferon-gamma-induced protein 10 were associated with galunisertib benefit.
conclusionsGalunisertib-gemcitabine combination improved overall survival vs. gemcitabine in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer, with minimal added toxicity. Future exploration of galunisertib in pancreatic cancer is ongoing in combination with durvalumab.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.