ReviewCurrent molecular pharmacology2019
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Peyote and Mescaline: Clinical and Forensic Repercussions.
Review in Current molecular pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug-drug interactions involving classic psychedelics: A systematic review.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2024Pooled it
- The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Task Force Report: Serotonergic Psychedelic Treatments for Major Depressive Disorder.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2023Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Urinary Recovery of Oral Mescaline Hydrochloride in Healthy Participants.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Trial
- Acute dose-dependent effects of mescaline in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects.Translational psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Comparative acute effects of mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide, and psilocybin in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in healthy participants.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- High-sensitivity immunochromatographic assay based on time-resolved fluorescence microspheres for the simultaneous detection of mescaline and LSD in hair.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Short- and Long-Acting Psychedelics: Structure-Activity Relationships, Pharmacology, and Implications for Neuropsychiatric Therapeutics.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
- Psychedelic studies in nonhuman primates: Past and future.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- New psychoactive substances: a multidisciplinary review of challenges and their diverse character.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2025Review
- Metabolism study of two phenethylamine - derived new psychoactive substances using in silico, in vivo, and in vitro approaches.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Psychedelics and schizophrenia: a double-edged sword.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Unveiling the Complexities of Medications, Substance Abuse, and Plants for Recreational and Narcotic Purposes: An In-Depth Analysis.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Harnessing Pharmacogenomics in Clinical Research on Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Review
- Effect of chemically synthesized psilocybin and psychedelic mushroom extract on molecular and metabolic profiles in mouse brain.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Aggressive behaviours associated with MDMA and psychedelics: a narrative review.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2024Review
- An Overview on the Hallucinogenic Peyote and Its Alkaloid Mescaline: The Importance of Context, Ceremony and Culture.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Associations between individual hallucinogens and hallucinogen misuse among U.S. Adults who recently initiated hallucinogen use.Addictive behaviors reports · 2023Article
- A Brief Review on the Potential of Psychedelics for Treating Alzheimer's Disease and Related Depression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine), mainly found in the Peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii), is one of the oldest known hallucinogenic agents that influence human and animal behavior, but its psychoactive mechanisms remain poorly understood.
objectivesThis article aims to fully review pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mescaline, focusing on the in vivo and in vitro metabolic profile of the drug and its implications for the variability of response.
methodsMescaline pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects were searched in books and in PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine) without a limiting period. Biological effects of other compounds found in peyote were also reviewed.
resultsAlthough its illicit administration is less common, in comparison with cocaine and Cannabis, it has been extensively described in adolescents and young adults, and licit consumption often occurs in religious and therapeutic rituals practiced by the Native American Church. Its pharmacodynamic mechanisms of action are primarily attributed to the interaction with the serotonergic 5-HT2A-C receptors, and therefore clinical effects are similar to those elicited by other psychoactive substances, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, which include euphoria, hallucinations, depersonalization and psychoses. Moreover, as a phenethylamine derivative, signs and symptoms are consistent with a sympathomimetic effect. Mescaline is mainly metabolized into trimethoxyphenylacetic acid by oxidative deamination but several minor metabolites with possible clinical and forensic repercussions have also been reported.
conclusionMost reports concerning mescaline were presented in a complete absence of exposure confirmation, since toxicological analysis is not widely available. Addiction and dependence are practically absent and it is clear that most intoxications appear to be mild and are unlikely to produce lifethreatening symptoms, which favors the contemporary interest in the therapeutic potential of the drugs of the class.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.