ReviewInternational review of neurobiology2018
Molecular Imaging of the Cholinergic System in Parkinson's Disease.
Review in International review of neurobiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Imaging Cognitive Impairment and Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- What's in a name? reframing advanced Parkinson's disease as a multidimensional state.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Frequency- and Network-Specific Changes in Functional Connectivity Reflect Pathophysiological Mechanisms across Parkinson's Disease Stages.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- The central cholinergic system as a therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Cumulative incidence and risk factors of dementia in Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism: a population-based study.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Reduced volume of neuromodulatory brainstem nuclei is associated with early hallucination-related vulnerability in Parkinson's disease.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Flavonoids improve neurotransmitters for Parkinson's treatment: mechanism and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Combined Dysfunction of the Amygdala and Nucleus Basalis Underlies Visual Hallucinations in Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Article
- Retro-Walking and Cholinergic Network Correlates in Parkinson's Disease.Journal of movement disorders · 2025Article
- Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Clinical Trials for Parkinson's Disease: Applications of Metabolic Brain Network Approach.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Review
- A multicenter longitudinal study of cholinergic subgroups in Parkinson disease.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: spotlight on central cholinergic dysfunction.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Role of the Central Cholinergic Nervous System in Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Cholinergic basal forebrain degeneration is associated with central fatigue in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- PET Quantification of [Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2024Article
- Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Synaptic Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Review
- A review of the neurotransmitter system associated with cognitive function of the cerebellum in Parkinson's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2024Review
- Assessment of acetylcholinesterase activity in CD9-positive exosomes from patients with Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Emerging wearable technologies for multisystem monitoring and treatment of Parkinson's disease: a narrative review.Frontiers in network physiology · 2024Review
- Emerging non-invasive therapeutic approaches targeting hypocholinergic neural systems in Parkinson's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
One of the first identified neurotransmitters in the brain, acetylcholine, is an important modulator that drives changes in neuronal and glial activity. For more than two decades, the main focus of molecular imaging of the cholinergic system in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been on cognitive changes. Imaging studies have confirmed that degeneration of the cholinergic system is a major determinant of dementia in PD. Within the last decade, the focus is expanding to studying cholinergic correlates of mobility impairments, dyskinesias, olfaction, sleep, visual hallucinations and risk taking behavior in this disorder. These studies increasingly recognize that the regional topography of cholinergic brain areas associates with specific functions. In parallel with this trend, more recent molecular cholinergic imaging approaches are investigating cholinergic modulatory functions and contributions to large-scale brain network functions. A novel area of research is imaging cholinergic innervation functions of peripheral autonomic organs that may have the potential of future prodromal diagnosis of PD. Finally, emerging evidence of hypercholinergic activity in prodromal and symptomatic leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 PD may reflect neuronal cholinergic compensation versus a response to neuro-inflammation. Molecular imaging of the cholinergic system has led to many new insights in the etiology of dopamine non-responsive symptoms of PD (more "malignant" hypocholinergic disease phenotype) and is poised to guide and evaluate future cholinergic drug development in this disorder.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.