ArticleBMC health services research2018
Potential drug-drug interactions in outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC health services research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and determinants of polypharmacy among cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of clinical pharmacist services on patient health outcomes in Pakistan: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence, predictors, and clinical relevance of drug-drug interactions in outpatient prescribing: A national cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Evaluation of potential drug-drug interactions and its determinants among outpatient prescriptions in six community chain pharmacies in Asmara, Eritrea: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence of drug-drug interactions in children with cardiac disorders receiving off-label drugs in a single centre in Pakistan: a cross-sectional study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Psychotropic Polypharmacy and QT Prolonging Medications in Hospitalized Patients.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2025Observational
- Risk Factors and Patterns of Drug-Drug Interactions in Two Categories of Level-3 Hospitals in Dhaka: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Prescription Patterns of Inducers and Inhibitors of Cytochrome P450 and Their Potential Drug Interactions in the Real World: A Cross-Sectional Study.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2024Article
- Potential drug-drug interactions and associated factors among hospitalized pediatric patients in Adigrat general hospital, Tigrai, north Ethiopia: a retrospective cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Assessment of frequency and types of drug interactions in intensive care units: a cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Potential Drug-Drug Interactions and Related Factors among Geriatric Outpatients of a Tertiary Care Hospital.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Drug-Drug Interactions in Primary Care Prescriptions in Egypt: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Potential drug-drug interactions in outpatients with depression of a psychiatry department.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023Article
- Article
- Assessment of risk factors associated with potential drug-drug interactions among patients suffering from chronic disorders.PloS one · 2023Observational
- Determination of potential drug-drug interactions in prescription orders dispensed in a community pharmacy setting using MicromedexInternational journal of clinical pharmacy · 2022Observational
- Article
- Prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions in outpatients of a general hospital in China: a retrospective investigation.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2020Article
- The prevalence and severity of potential drug-drug interactions among adult polypharmacy patients at outpatient clinics in Jordan.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2020Article
- Drug-drug interaction database for safe prescribing of systemic antifungal agents.Therapeutic advances in infectious diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPotential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) are one of the preventable drug related problems having the risk of serious adverse events or therapeutic failure. In developing countries like Pakistan, this issue remains poorly addressed. The objective of this study was to explore prevalence of pDDIs in the Outpatient Department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. The secondary aim was to describe the levels of reported pDDIs and develop a list of widespread clinically relevant interactions.
methodsPrescriptions of 2400 OPD patients were analyzed for pDDIs through Micromedex Drug-Reax®. Prevalence, severity- and documentation-levels and widespread clinically relevant interactions were reported.
resultsOf total 2400 prescriptions, pDDIs were present in 22.3%. Whereas, moderate- and major-pDDIs were found in 377 (15.7%) and 225 (9.4%), respectively. PDDIs were more prevalent in Medicine (9.2%) and Cardiology (2.6%) as compared with other OPD specialties. Total 942 pDDIs were identified, of which, the majority were either moderate- (61.9%) or major-pDDIs (32.1%). Some of the most common interactions were ibuprofen + levofloxacin (n = 50), ciprofloxacin + diclofenac (32), aspirin + atenolol (24), and diclofenac + levofloxacin (19). The potential adverse outcomes of widespread interactions were seizures, bleeding, QT-interval prolongation, arrhythmias, tendon rupture, hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia, serotonin syndrome, drug toxicity, and decreased therapeutic response.
conclusionsOPD patients were at risk to pDDIs, particularly to major- and moderate-pDDIs. Screening of prescriptions for pDDIs and monitoring of pharmacotherapy in terms of response and associated adverse drug events will contribute to patient safety.
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