ArticleBMC health services research2018
Racial disparities in Medicaid home and community-based service utilization and expenditures among persons with multiple sclerosis.
Article in BMC health services research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial disparities in multiple sclerosis quality of care metrics.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Home- and Community-Based Service Use and Preferences Among Post-9/11 Veterans With or at High Risk of Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia and Their Caregivers: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Observational Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Observational
- Evaluating the impact of discordant and missing demographic information on population health assessments using linked electronic health records and Census Bureau microdata.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Unmet needs and nursing home placements in Black, Latino, and White people living with dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Service Utilization and Consumer-Reported Unmet Needs in Medicaid Home- and Community-Based Services for Older Adults.Journal of aging & social policy · 2025Article
- Home- and community-based care in the new generation of Medicaid administrative data.Health services & outcomes research methodology · 2025Article
- Access to Care and Health-Related Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2024Article
- Geographic Disparities in Access to Neurologists and Multiple Sclerosis Care in the United States.Neurology · 2024Article
- Participant diversity in clinical trials of rehabilitation interventions for people with multiple sclerosis: A scoping review.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2023Article
- Health Disparities in Multiple Sclerosis among Hispanic and Black Populations in the United States.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Who's Helping Whom? Examination of Care Arrangements for Racially and Ethnically Diverse People Living With Dementia in the Community.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2022Article
- Advancing a managed care pharmacy research agenda: Generating real-world evidence to support US Food and Drug Administration Accelerated Approvals and improving benefit design to address health inequities.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2022Article
- Review
- Disparities in Health Care Spending and Utilization Among Black and White Medicaid Enrollees.JAMA health forum · 2022Article
- The Influence of Race and Gender on Receiving Assistance With Daily Activities Among Older Americans.Innovation in aging · 2022Article
- How Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms Vary by Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2021Article
- Race Differences in Characteristics and Experiences of Black and White Caregivers of Older Americans.The Gerontologist · 2020Article
- Socioeconomic status and race are correlated with affective symptoms in multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2020Observational
- Racial Disparities in Medicaid Home and Community-Based Service Utilization among White, Black, and Hispanic Adults with Multiple Sclerosis: Implications of State Policy.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2019Article
- Clinical Characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis in African-Americans.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMedicaid home and community-based services (HCBS) provide services such as personal care, nursing, and home-delivered meals to aging adults and individuals with disabilities. HCBS are available to people across racial and ethnic groups, yet racial disparities in Medicaid HCBS utilization and expenditures have been understudied. Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) may be particularly impacted by HCBS, as nearly one-third requires assistance at home. The present study examined whether disparities exist in Medicaid HCBS utilization and expenditures among HCBS users with MS.
methodsWe used secondary data to conduct a retrospective cohort analyses including 7550 HCBS recipients with MS. Demographic data was obtained from the Medicaid Analytic eXtract Personal Summary file, Medicaid HCBS service utilization and expenditures were obtained from the Other Therapy file, and comorbidities from the Medicare Chronic Condition Warehouse. Univariate and bivariate statistics were used to describe the sample and provide comparisons of characteristic by race. Logistic regression predicted the likelihood of using HCBS type and gamma regression was used to predict Medicaid HCBS expenditures.
resultsBlack HCBS users were younger, more likely to be female, and were more impaired than Whites. Multivariate analyses showed that Blacks were less likely to receive case management, equipment, technology and modification services, and nursing services compared to Whites. Additionally, Black men had the lowest Medicaid HCBS expenditures, while White men had the highest.
conclusionsFindings shed light on disparities among HCBS users with MS. As Blacks are already disproportionately affected by MS, these results reveal target areas for future research. Future work should examine the factors that contribute to these disparities, as well as determine the extent to which these inequities impact outcomes such as hospitalizations and nursing home admissions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.