ArticleToxins2018
Urea Memory: Transient Cell Exposure to Urea Causes Persistent Mitochondrial ROS Production and Endothelial Dysfunction.
Article in Toxins, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood Urea Nitrogen to Albumin Ratio is Associated with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- The Multifaceted Role of Mitochondria in Angiogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Increased blood urea nitrogen levels and compromised peripheral nerve function in patients with type 2 diabetes.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- The association between blood urea nitrogen to albumin ratio and cognitive function in Parkinson's disease patients.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- The role of hepatic and renal functions in the development of retinopathy of prematurity: Is proteinuria a new risk factor?International ophthalmology · 2023Article
- What is the role of the neutrophil extracellular traps in the cardiovascular disease burden associated with hemodialysis bioincompatibility?Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Effects of Physiological and Pathological Urea Concentrations on Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells and its role in atherosclerosis.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Metabolomic Profiling of Brain Protective Effect of Edaravone on Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Uremic Toxins and Vascular Dysfunction.Toxins · 2020Review
- Aging Neurovascular Unit and Potential Role of DNA Damage and Repair in Combating Vascular and Neurodegenerative Disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Urea at post-dialysis levels induces increased ROS in a number of cell types. The aim of this study was to determine whether urea-induced production of ROS remains elevated after urea is no longer present, and, if it does, to characterize its origin and effects. Human arterial endothelial cells were incubated with 20 mM urea for two days, and then cells were incubated for an additional two days in medium alone. Maximal ROS levels induced by initial urea continued at the same level despite urea being absent. These effects were prevented by either MnSOD expression or by Nox1/4 inhibition with GKT13781. Sustained urea-induced ROS caused a persistent reduction in mtDNA copy number and electron transport chain transcripts, a reduction in transcription of mitochondrial fusion proteins, an increase in mitochondrial fission proteins, and persistent expression of endothelial inflammatory markers. The SOD-catalase mimetic MnTBAP reversed each of these. These results suggest that persistent increases in ROS after cells are no long exposed to urea may play a major role in continued kidney damage and functional decline despite reduction of urea levels after dialysis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.