Observational studyMedicine2018
Phantom limb syndrome induced by combined spinal and epidural anesthesia in patients undergoing elective open gynecological surgery.
Observational study in Medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- A retrospective study on the application of unilateral epidural anesthesia in older patients with hip fracture.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Effects of different anesthesia methods on labor process and postpartum serum estrogen and progesterone levels in primiparas with painless labor.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2024Article
- Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Caudal Epidural Blocks and Spinal Anesthesia for Anorectal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Pain and therapy · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDuring regional anesthesia, including combined spinal and epidural anesthesia (CSEA), patients may develop a perceptual alteration of limb position known as phantom limb syndrome (PLS). We aimed to identify factors that influence the PLS onset, to explore whether PLS predisposes to other postoperative symptoms, and to document the relationship between PLS and sensorimotor impairment during recovery.
methodsPsychological questionnaires for anxiety and depression were completed beforehand, then multimodal tests of sensory and motor function, especially tests of proprioception, were performed regularly afterward. Two hundred participants undergoing elective gynecological surgery under CSEA reported their experiences of PLS and other symptoms using Likert rating scales.
resultsProlonged preoperative fasting (odds ratio (OR) 2.34; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.21-4.52), and surgical history (OR 2.56; 95% CI 1.16-5.62) predisposed to PLS, but patients with more extensive anesthetic histories may be at lower risk (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.31-1.08). Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between the recovery from PLS and the perception of joint movement within the deafferented area (R = 0.82, P < .01) and motor functions (R = 0.68). PLS increases the chance of experiencing postoperative fatigue, physical discomfort, and emotional upset.
conclusionThis study is the first to have identified the risk factors for PLS, assessed the relationship between PLS and postoperative sensorimotor impairment, and its influence on postoperative complications.
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