ArticlePloS one2018
Challenges to conquer from the gender perspective in medicine: The case of spondyloarthritis.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-Related Differences in Chronic Pain: A Narrative Review by a Multidisciplinary Task Force.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- The silence of opioids-dependent chronic pain patients: A text mining analysis from sex and gender perspective.PloS one · 2025Article
- Canadian Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis Require Almost a Decade To Be Diagnosed Leading to Severe Functional Limitation. Results From the International Map of Axial Spondyloarthritis (IMAS).Musculoskeletal care · 2024Article
- [Sex-specific aspects in rheumatology].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2024Article
- Sex Bias in Diagnostic Delay: Are Axial Spondyloarthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis Still Phantom Diseases in Women? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Gendered dimension of chronic pain patients with low and middle income: A text mining analysis.PloS one · 2024Article
- A mixed methods study to uncover impediments to accurate diagnosis of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis in the USA.Clinical rheumatology · 2023Article
- [Gender-specific differences in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- The impact of gender and sex on diagnosis, treatment outcomes and health-related quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Review
- Identifying parameters associated with delayed diagnosis in axial spondyloarthritis: data from the European map of axial spondyloarthritis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- A glance into the future of gout.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2022Review
- Gender-Diverse Inclusion in Immunological Research: Benefits to Science and Health.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Article
- An Update on Diagnosis and Classification of Axial Spondyloarthritis.Current rheumatology reports · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiagnostic delay is well-known in spondyloarthritis and studies have demonstrated a longer deferral in women. The aim of this study was to explore whether diagnostic delay of spondyloarthritis depends on clinical manifestations expressed by patients according to sex or whether it is related to a doctor's misdiagnosis bias.
methodsA cross-sectional study of 96 men and 54 women with spondyloarthritis was performed at Alicante University General Hospital in Spain using a semistructured interview and clinical records. Comparative sex analysis were done via Student's T and Mann-Whitney U tests for parametric and nonparametric continuous variables, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests for unpaired categorical variables, and McNemar's test for paired ones.
findingsThe median diagnostic delay in women 7.5 (11.5) years is higher than men 4 (11) years, with a difference close to statistical significance (p = 0.053). A total of 30.2% of men received a first correct diagnosis of spondyloarthritis versus 11.1% of women (p = 0.016), indicating that men have higher probability of not having a misdiagnosis of spondyloarthritis (odds ratio = 3.5; 1.3-9). Eleven different health services referred male patients to the rheumatology clinic but only six in the case of female. No sex differences were detected in patients' manifestations of back pain at onset. However, medical records registered differences (women 44.4%, men 82.1%; p < 0.001). There were differences between patients (women 57.7%, men 35.2%; p = 0.008) and medical records in peripheral signs/symptoms at onset (women 55.6%, men 17.9%; p < 0.001).
conclusionThe few differences of self-reported manifestations between both sexes with spondyloarthritis as compared with their clinical records (more axial pain in men and more peripheral pain in women) suggests that the professionals' annotations reflect what they expect according to Literature, which could explain the higher misdiagnosis and diagnostic delay in women with spondyloarthritis.
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