ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2018
Risk factors for HTLV-1 infection in Central Africa: A rural population-based survey in Gabon.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- High prevalence of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1b genotype among blood donors in Gabon, Central Africa.Transfusion · 2020Trial
- HTLV-1 genetic diversity of 52 complete sequences from 14 African countries reveals novel variants and a lack of typical P12/P8 and P30 accessory proteins in HTLV-1b, d, and f genotypes.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- High prevalence of HTLV-1 among blood donors in southeastern Gabon (Central Africa): a major challenge for transfusion safety in a semi-rural area.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Immunological Determinants of Oncogenic Virus-Driven Cancers in Africa: Mechanisms, Co-Infections and Public Health Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Critical Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Concerning HTLV-1 Infection Among Healthcare Professionals in Gabon.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The viral and host genomic landscape of human T-cell leukemia virus type I in Peru.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the immunochromatographic assay for HTLV-1/2 detection in Gabon: genotype-specific limitations in Central Africa.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Unmasking HAM/TSP: understanding HTLV-1-driven neurological disease.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of HTLV-1: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Endemic and Nonendemic Regions.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Review
- Untangling the causes of geographical disparities in the clinical outcome of HTLV-1 infection: a critical perspective on the contribution of viral genetic diversity.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV): Epidemiology, Genetic, Pathogenesis, and Future Challenges.Viruses · 2025Review
- Clinical and molecular evidences of HTLV-1 infection in inpatients diagnosed with diseases previously described as associated to this infection: A case series in Gabon, Central Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Multicenter cross-sectional study of HTLV-1 prevalence and associated risk factors in epidemiologically relevant groups across Brazil.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus-1 in a Jamaican Antenatal Population and Assessment of Pooled Testing as a Cost Reduction Strategy for Implementation of Routine Antenatal Screening.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Epidemiological Evidence of Nosocomial and Zoonotic Transmission of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus-1 in a Large Survey in a Rural Population of Central Africa.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Cost-effectiveness of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) antenatal screening for prevention of mother-to-child transmission.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Geographic distribution, clinical epidemiology and genetic diversity of the human oncogenic retrovirus HTLV-1 in Africa, the world's largest endemic area.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Clinical and Public Health Implications of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- Human T-Lymphotropic virus type 1 and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in rural Gabon.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a human oncoretrovirus that infects at least 5 to 10 million people worldwide and is associated with severe diseases. Africa appears as the largest HTLV-1 endemic area. However, the risk factors for the acquisition of HTLV-1 remain poorly understood in Central Africa.
methodsWe conducted an epidemiological survey between 2013 and 2017, in rural areas of 6 provinces of Gabon, in a rainforest environment. Epidemiological data were obtained and blood samples were collected after informed consent. Plasma were screened for HTLV-1 antibodies by ELISA and the positive samples were then tested by Western blot (WB). Genomic DNA derived from buffy-coat was subjected to two semi-nested PCRs amplifying either HTLV-1 env gene or LTR region fragments.
resultsWe recruited 2,060 individuals over 15 years old, including 1,205 men and 855 women (mean age: 49 years). Of these, 299 were found to be ELISA HTLV-1/2 seropositive. According to WB criteria, 136 were HTLV-1 (6.6%), 25 HTLV-1/2 (1.2%) and 9 HTLV seroreactive (0.4%). PCR results showed that 146 individuals were positive for at least one PCR: 104 for the env gene and 131 for the LTR region. Based on both serological and molecular results, 179 individuals were considered infected with HTLV-1, leading to an overall prevalence of 8.7%. The distribution of HTLV-1 infection was heterogeneous across the country. Based on multivariable analyses, female gender, increasing age, ethnicity (Pygmy) and multiple hospitalizations (more than 5 times) were found to be independent risk factors for HTLV-1 infection. Furthermore, a non-human primate bite appeared to be marginally associated with a higher risk of HTLV-1 infection.
conclusionBased on state-of-the-art serological and molecular methods, we have demonstrated that rural adult populations in Gabon are highly endemic for HTLV-1. Our results regarding risk factors should lead to public health actions aiming to reduce HTLV-1 transmission.
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Registered trials
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