ArticleRetina (Philadelphia, Pa.)2019
COMPARATIVE RISK OF ENDOPHTHALMITIS AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTION WITH BEVACIZUMAB, AFLIBERCEPT, AND RANIBIZUMAB.
Article in Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Timing and Determinants of Postinjection Endophthalmitis after First-Time Anti-VEGF Administration: A Retrospective National Study in the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight).Ophthalmology. Retina · 2026Article
- Article
- Complete and Early Vitrectomy for Sterile Endophthalmitis After Bevacizumab: A Case Series.Cureus · 2025Article
- Comparison of Endophthalmitis Rates Between Prefilled Syringes and Standard Vials in Aflibercept Intravitreal Injections: A Retrospective Study in Japan.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- New Approaches to Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance in Endophthalmitis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Topical Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Intravitreal Injections: Impact on the Incidence of Acute Endophthalmitis-A Nationwide Study in France from 2009 to 2018.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Risk of Infectious Endophthalmitis From a Resident-Performed Intravitreal Injection.Journal of vitreoretinal diseases · 2021Article
- [Postoperative endophthalmitis-a review of literature].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2021Review
- Epidemiology of Intravitreal Injections in Iran: Indications and Referral Patterns in a Tertiary Hospital.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- The Argument for Sterile Loading of All Intravitreal Injections and the Benefit of Replicated Results.JAMA ophthalmology · 2019Article
- Intravitreal Injection Therapy: Current Techniques and Supplemental Services.Journal of vitreoretinal diseasesArticle
- Incidence and Visual Outcomes of Endophthalmitis After Intravitreal Injection of Dexamethasone Implant vs Ranibizumab.Journal of vitreoretinal diseasesArticle
- Impact of Prefilled Syringes and Masking on Postintravitreal Injection Endophthalmitis.Journal of vitreoretinal diseasesArticle
- Board Certification Is Associated With a Reduced Risk of Endophthalmitis After Intravitreal Injections.Journal of vitreoretinal diseasesArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine whether sterile preloading of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents reduces the risk of postintravitreal injection endophthalmitis.
methodsThis is a retrospective cohort study using medical claims data from a large, national US insurer. Cohorts were created using intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections from 2005 to 2016. For inclusion, patients had to have at least 6 months of data before the injection and were excluded for any previous diagnosis of endophthalmitis, multiple injected drugs on the day of injection, or intraocular surgery within 15 days of the injection or between an injection and a diagnosis of endophthalmitis. The primary outcome was the odds of endophthalmitis after an intravitreal injection.
resultsA total of 706,725 bevacizumab, 210,849 ranibizumab, and 177,731 aflibercept injections were given to 130,327 patients. Multivariate analysis showed that ranibizumab and aflibercept together had an increased odds of endophthalmitis (odds ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.59, P = 0.02) compared with bevacizumab. Individually, ranibizumab (odds ratio = 1.25, 95% confidence interval: 0.97-1.61, P = 0.08) and aflibercept (odds ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval: 0.99-1.81, P = 0.06) each had higher odds of endophthalmitis, but neither result met significance. Also, when compared with male patients, female patients had a higher odds of getting endophthalmitis (odds ratio: 1.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.61, P = 0.02).
conclusionThe odds of endophthalmitis with aflibercept and ranibizumab combined were higher compared with the sterilely preloaded bevacizumab, arguing for a safety advantage of sterile preloading of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections.
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