SynthesisPaediatric and perinatal epidemiology2019
Short interpregnancy intervals and adverse maternal outcomes in high-resource settings: An updated systematic review.
Synthesis in Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06521138 (The Effect of Transtheoretical Model-Based Antenatal and Postnatal Motivational Interviewing on Contraceptive Self-Efficacy, Contraceptive Attitude and Contraceptive Use), which is not on this map. Cited by 51 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Transtheoretical Model-Based Antenatal and Postnatal Motivational Interviewing on Contraceptive Self-Efficacy, Contraceptive Attitude and Contraceptive Use: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical practice guideline "preconception care".Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Guideline
- Pooled it
- Short interpregnancy interval can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Short interpregnancy intervals and adverse maternal outcomes in high-resource settings: An updated systematic review.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2019Pooled it
- Short interpregnancy intervals and adverse perinatal outcomes in high-resource settings: An updated systematic review.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2019Pooled it
- Article
- Interpregnancy interval and maternal postpartum depression and anxiety: findings from the APrON cohort.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- Patterns and determinants of short and long interpregnancy intervals among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a population-based cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Short Interdelivery Interval and Neonatal Acid-Base Status, Postpartum Anemia, and Postnatal Depression: A Retrospective Cohort Study with Within-Mother Sensitivity Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Inter-pregnancy interval after caesarean section and subsequent pregnancy outcomes in New South Wales. A data linkage cohort protocol.MethodsX · 2026Article
- Article
- Barriers and Needs for Postpartum Contraception.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Article
- Risk factors for the recurrence of severe maternal morbidity in first and second births in California, 1997 to 2020.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Article
- A Theory of Planned Behaviour Analysis of Barriers and Facilitators of Immediate Postpartum Contraception Uptake in Southwestern Uganda.Open access journal of contraception · 2026Article
- The relationship between reduced child spacing and depression in mothers: A cross-sectional study in Karachi, Pakistan.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- What is the meaning of interpregnancy interval after caesarean section for women planning further pregnancies: a mixed method systematic review protocol.Systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Assessing regional disparities and sociodemographic influences on short birth intervals (SBI) among reproductive-age women in Nigeria.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Maternal Age Differences in Interpregnancy Interval and Preterm Birth Associations Accounting for Multiple Epidemiologic Biases.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Follow-up of immediate postpartum intrauterine device insertion: a scoping review protocol.BMJ open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCurrently, no federal guidelines provide recommendations on healthy birth spacing for women in the United States. This systematic review summarises associations between short interpregnancy intervals and adverse maternal outcomes to inform the development of birth spacing recommendations for the United States.
methodsPubMed/Medline, POPLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and a previous systematic review were searched to identify relevant articles published from 1 January 2006 and 1 May 2017. Included studies reported maternal health outcomes following a short versus longer interpregnancy interval, were conducted in high-resource settings, and adjusted estimates for at least maternal age. Two investigators independently assessed study quality and applicability using established methods.
resultsSeven cohort studies met inclusion criteria. There was limited but consistent evidence that short interpregnancy interval is associated with increased risk of precipitous labour and decreased risks of labour dystocia. There was some evidence that short interpregnancy interval is associated with increased risks of subsequent pre-pregnancy obesity and gestational diabetes, and decreased risk of preeclampsia. Among women with a previous caesarean delivery, short interpregnancy interval was associated with increased risk of uterine rupture in one study. No studies reported outcomes related to maternal depression, interpregnancy weight gain, maternal anaemia, or maternal mortality.
conclusionsIn studies from high-resource settings, short interpregnancy intervals are associated with both increased and decreased risks of adverse maternal outcomes. However, most outcomes were evaluated in single studies, and the strength of evidence supporting associations is low.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.