ArticleThe Journal of comparative neurology2019
The M6 cell: A small-field bistratified photosensitive retinal ganglion cell.
Article in The Journal of comparative neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers.
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Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Diverse Role of ipRGCs in Visual Perception Beyond Non-Image-Forming Functions.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- Bipolar cell networks underlying steady-state intensity encoding in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells.iScience · 2026Article
- The Light-Eye-Brain Axis: Neurobiological Links Between Mood Disorders and Myopia-A Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Tbr2-dependent parallel pathways regulate the development of distinct ipRGC subtypes.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Retinal Origins of Circadian Photoregulation's Specialized Dynamic Range and Temporal Integration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Genetic tuning of retinal ganglion cell subtype identity to drive visual behavior.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Spatial distribution and functional integration of displaced retinal ganglion cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Expression of Osteopontin in M2 and M4 Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells in the Mouse Retina.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Layer-specific anatomical and physiological features of the retina's neurovascular unit.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Light-eye-body axis: exploring the network from retinal illumination to systemic regulation.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Specific retinal neurons regulate context-dependent defensive responses to visual threat.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Changes in Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells, Dopaminergic Amacrine Cells, and Their Connectivity in the Retinas of Lid Suture Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Defining spatial nonuniformities of all ipRGC types using an improved Opn4Cell reports methods · 2024Article
- A pupillary contrast response in mice and humans: Neural mechanisms and visual functions.Neuron · 2024Article
- Cell-specific localization of β-synuclein in the mouse retina.Brain structure & function · 2024Article
- Flp-recombinase mouse line for genetic manipulation of ipRGCs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A newbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Light affects the prefrontal cortex via intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells.Science advances · 2024Article
- Light Pollution and Oxidative Stress: Effects on Retina and Human Health.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We have identified a novel, sixth type of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC) in the mouse-the M6 cell. Its spiny, highly branched dendritic arbor is bistratified, with dendrites restricted to the inner and outer margins of the inner plexiform layer, co-stratifying with the processes of other ipRGC types. We show that M6 cells are by far the most abundant ganglion cell type labeled in adult pigmented Cdh3-GFP BAC transgenic mice. A few M5 ipRGCs are also labeled, but no other RGC types were encountered. Several distinct subnuclei in the geniculate complex and the pretectum contain labeled retinofugal axons in the Cdh3-GFP mouse. These are presumably the principle central targets of M6 cells (as well as M5 cells). Projections from M6 cells to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus were confirmed by retrograde tracing, suggesting they contribute to pattern vision. M6 cells have low levels of melanopsin expression and relatively weak melanopsin-dependent light responses. They also exhibit strong synaptically driven light responses. Their dendritic fields are the smallest and most abundantly branched of all ipRGCs. They have small receptive fields and strong antagonistic surrounds. Despite deploying dendrites partly in the OFF sublamina, M6 cells appear to be driven exclusively by the ON pathway, suggesting that their OFF arbor, like those of certain other ipRGCs, may receive ectopic input from passing ON bipolar cells axons in the OFF sublayer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.