ArticleBMJ open2018
Detection and treatment initiation for depression and alcohol use disorders: facility-based cross-sectional studies in five low-income and middle-income country districts.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to improve the detection of depression in primary healthcare: systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Under detection of depression in primary care settings in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy of the Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) for Unhealthy Alcohol Use Among Adults with HIV in Zambia: Results from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Risk factors for major depressive disorder among adults recruited from hospital settings in Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia and South Africa.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of WHO mhGAP-IG in identification and management of depression by primary level non-specialist health workers - protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial from India.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Recognition of depression by nurses in primary healthcare in Zimbabwe: Cross-sectional study.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Factors Associated With Alcohol Use Disorder Among People Attending Primary Health Care Facilities in Rupandehi District, Nepal.Global health, epidemiology and genomics · 2025Article
- Adaptation and validation of a Rwanda-focused version of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT).PloS one · 2025Article
- Prevalence and correlates of common mental disorders among participants of the Uganda Genome Resource: Opportunities for psychiatric genetics research.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Polygenic prediction of major depressive disorder and related traits in African ancestries UK Biobank participants.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Alcohol use disorder research in India: An update.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2024Review
- Developing interventions to improve detection of depression in primary healthcare settings in rural Ethiopia.BJPsych open · 2024Article
- Screening of Depression Among Medical Outpatients Visiting the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Rwanda.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Article
- Polygenic prediction of major depressive disorder and related traits in African ancestries UK Biobank participants.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Treatment gap for mental and behavioral disorders in Punjab.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- Understandings of depression among community members and primary healthcare attendees in rural Ethiopia: A qualitative study.Transcultural psychiatry · 2023Article
- Adaptation of a model for integration of interventions for alcohol use disorders in primary health care in Tanzania.BMC primary care · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 11 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo estimate the proportion of adult primary care outpatients who are clinically detected and initiate treatment for depression and alcohol use disorder (AUD) in low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) settings.
designFive cross-sectional studies.
settingAdult outpatient services in 36 primary healthcare facilities in Sodo District, Ethiopia (9 facilities); Sehore District, India (3); Chitwan District, Nepal (8); Dr Kenneth Kaunda District, South Africa (3); and Kamuli District, Uganda (13).
participantsBetween 760 and 1893 adults were screened in each district. Across five districts, between 4.2% and 20.1% screened positive for depression and between 1.2% and 16.4% screened positive for AUD. 96% of screen-positive participants provided details about their clinical consultations that day. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: Detection of depression, treatment initiation for depression, detection of AUD and treatment initiation for AUD.
resultsAmong depression screen-positive participants, clinical detection of depression ranged from 0% in India to 11.7% in Nepal. Small proportions of screen-positive participants received treatment (0% in Ethiopia, India and South Africa to 4.2% in Uganda). Among AUD screen-positive participants, clinical detection of AUD ranged from 0% in Ethiopia and India to 7.8% in Nepal. Treatment was 0% in all countries aside Nepal, where it was 2.2%.
conclusionsThe findings of this study suggest large detection and treatment gaps for adult primary care patients, which are likely contributors to the population-level mental health treatment gap in LMIC. Primary care facilities remain unfulfilled intervention points for reducing the population-level burden of disease in LMIC.
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