ArticleJournal of lipid research2018
Activation of liver X receptor plays a central role in antiviral actions of 25-hydroxycholesterol.
Article in Journal of lipid research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- HSV-1 metabolic hijacking: Mechanisms to precision therapeutics.Virulence · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Innovations for Monkeypox Inhibition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Enhancing gene therapy vectors manufacturing: CEBPA as a master regulator of rAAV biogenesis.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Article
- Dynamic regulatory mechanism of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase-mediated antiviral response in RNA virus infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Plasma membrane accessible cholesterol is regulated by ACC1 and lipid droplets.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Endogenous and Therapeutic 25-Hydroxycholesterols May Worsen Early SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis in Mice.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2023Article
- microRNA-185 Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection through the Modulation of the Host's Lipid Microenvironment.Viruses · 2023Article
- Liver X receptor agonists exert antitumor effects against hepatocellular carcinoma via inducing REPS2 expression.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2023Article
- Macrophage-Derived 25-Hydroxycholesterol Promotes Vascular Inflammation, Atherogenesis, and Lesion Remodeling.Circulation · 2023Article
- 25-hydroxycholesterol: an integrator of antiviral ability and signaling.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in health and diseases: from mechanisms to targeted therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) broadly inhibits viral infections via triggering NMDAR/Ca2+ influx and CaMKII/ IRF3-mediated IFN-β production.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Modulation of Antiviral Immunity and Therapeutic Efficacy by 25-Hydroxycholesterol in Chronically SIV-Infected, ART-Treated Rhesus Macaques.Virologica Sinica · 2021Article
- Review
- Encapsulation of LXR ligand by D-Nap-GFFY hydrogel enhances anti-tumorigenic actions of LXR and removes LXR-induced lipogenesis.Theranostics · 2021Article
- Review
- Multifaceted Functions of CH25H and 25HC to Modulate the Lipid Metabolism, Immune Responses, and Broadly Antiviral Activities.Viruses · 2020Review
- Multiple Roles of 25-Hydroxycholesterol in Lipid Metabolism, Antivirus Process, Inflammatory Response, and Cell Survival.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2020Review
- Chewing the Fat: The Conserved Ability of DNA Viruses to Hijack Cellular Lipid Metabolism.Viruses · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Production of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), a potent inhibitor of viral infection, is catalyzed by cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H). We previously reported that 25HC induced CH25H expression in a liver X receptor (LXR)-dependent manner, implying that LXR can play an important role in antiviral infection. In this study, we determined that activation of LXR by 25HC or synthetic ligands [T0901317 (T317) or GW3965] inhibited infection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or MLV-(VSV)-GFP in HepG2 cells or RAW 264.7 macrophages. Genetic deletion of LXRα, LXRβ, or CH25H expression in HepG2 cells by CRISPR/Cas9 method increased cell susceptibility to HSV-1 infection and attenuated the inhibition of LXR on viral infection. Lack of interferon (IFN)-γ expression also increased cell susceptibility to viral infection. However, it attenuated, but did not block, the inhibition of LXR on HSV-1 infection. In addition, expression of CH25H, but not IFN-γ, was inversely correlated to cell susceptibility to viral infection and the antiviral actions of LXR. Metabolism of 25HC into 25HC-3-sulfate (25HC3S) by cholesterol sulfotransferase-2B1b moderately reduced the antiviral actions of 25HC because 25HC3S is a weaker inhibitor of HSV-1 infection than 25HC. Furthermore, administration of T317 to BALB/c mice reduced HSV-1 growth in mouse tissues. Taken together, we demonstrate an antiviral system of 25HC with involvement of LXR activation, interaction between CH25H and IFN-γ, and 25HC metabolism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.