ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2019
Laboratory Results, Epidemiologic Features, and Outcome Analyses of Microbial Keratitis: A 15-Year Review From St. Louis.
Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-traumatic ınfectious keratitis: clinical, microbiological, and visual outcomes.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Current Recommendations, Antibiotic Resistance, and Emerging Treatments for Gram-Positive Ocular Infections in the United States.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Incidentally Detected Large Choroidal Melanoma in a 27-Year-Old Asymptomatic Woman: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Trends of Microorganisms and Antibiotic Resistance Isolated from Patients with Bacterial Keratitis from a Tertiary Hospital in Southeastern Korea: A 26-Year Retrospective Medical Record Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Microbial Keratitis in Southern Arizona.Ophthalmic research · 2026Article
- A Tear-Based Approach for Rapid Identification of Bacterial Pathogens in Corneal Ulcers Using Nanopore Sequencing.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Observational
- Microbial keratitis in north-western Spain: a review of risk factors, microbiological profile and resistance patterns.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Association between herpes zoster ophthalmicus and the risk of corneal ulcer.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Anatomic Biomarkers Predict Poor Presenting Visual Acuity in Infectious Keratitis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Monitoring the Progression of Clinically Suspected Microbial Keratitis Using Convolutional Neural Networks.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Clinical comparative analysis of culture-proven bacterial keratitis according to prior topical steroid use: a retrospective study in a tertiary referral center of South Korea.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Staphylococcal Enterotoxins Promote Virulence in Bacterial Keratitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Microbial keratitis in Sao Paulo, Brazil: a 10-year review of laboratory results, epidemiological features, and risk factors.Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia · 2023Review
- Spectrum and resistance in bacterial infections of the ocular surface in a German tertiary referral center 2009-2019.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2022Article
- Comparison of culture, confocal microscopy and PCR in routine hospital use for microbial keratitis diagnosis.Eye (London, England) · 2022Article
- Spectrum of bacterial keratitis in North India: A retrospective analysis of six years at a tertiary care eye center.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- A Systematic Review of Multi-decade Antibiotic Resistance Data for Ocular Bacterial Pathogens in the United States.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2022Review
- Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Rare Fungal Keratitis Caused by Verticillium dahliae.Mycopathologia · 2022Article
- Lacrimal Duct Obstruction and Infection Associated with Non-Traumatic Corneal Perforation: A Case Series.International medical case reports journal · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial nanomedicine for ocular bacterial and fungal infection.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the laboratory results and prognostic factors of poor clinical outcomes in microbial keratitis cases over 15 years at Saint Louis University.
designRetrospective cohort and trend study.
methodsMicrobiological and clinical information from culture-positive cases seen at Saint Louis University from 1999 to 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Statistical analyses were used to determine microbiological and antibiotic susceptibility trends. Prognostic factors of poor clinical outcome from the literature were used to create multivariate regression models to describe our cohort.
resultsGram-positive organisms predominated (48%), followed by gram-negative organisms (34%) and fungi (16%). The most commonly isolated organism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21%). Oxacillin-resistant rates of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were 45% and 43%, respectively. Only the proportion of Pseudomonas changed significantly over time (P = .02). The only antibiotic found to lose efficacy over time was gentamicin for gram-positive organisms (P = .005). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that major complications were associated with large ulcers (P < .006), fungal cases (P < .001), and comorbid ophthalmic conditions (P < .001). Poor healing was associated with large ulcers (P < .001) and fungal cases (P < .001). Lastly, poor visual outcome was associated with large ulcers (P < .01) and age ≥ 60 years (P < .02).
conclusionsIn the St Louis area, oxacillin-resistant organisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and fungi are commonly recovered from microbial keratitis cases with a disproportionally high incidence. Hence, empiric antibiotic choice should reflect these trends. Special care needs to be taken for patients with large ulcers and fungal infections, as well as elderly patients with comorbid ophthalmic conditions, as these patients have worse clinical outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.