SynthesisPLoS neglected tropical diseases2018
A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the etiological agent of typhoid.
Synthesis in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review on antimicrobial resistance and treatment.BMC medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistantPathogens and global health · 2020Pooled it
- Drug-resistant enteric fever worldwide, 1990 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2020Pooled it
- A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance of typhoidalThe Indian journal of medical research · 2019Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of conjugate vaccine for typhoid (Vi-DT): Finding from an observer-blind, active-controlled, randomized, non-inferiority, phase III clinical trial among healthy volunteers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of typhoid conjugate vaccine in Nepal: final results of a phase 3, randomised, controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2021Trial
- Safety and Efficacy of a Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine in Malawian Children.The New England journal of medicine · 2021Trial
- Global trends and molecular epidemiology of Azithromycin-resistantOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Development and evaluation of an indigenousIranian journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Quorum-sensing, microbiome interactions, and emerging artificial intelligence-assisted anti-virulence strategies in Salmonella Typhi: a critical review of translational opportunities and challenges.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Typhoid Fever Among University Students in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Biotherapeutic strategies for quorum quenching in Salmonella Typhi: a review.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Genomic analysis ofMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Evolution and rise of antimicrobial resistance in key public health bacteria within and across the One Health sectors.Future microbiology · 2026Review
- Polymer-metal oxide composites of CuO and NiO as antimicrobial agents.BMC chemistry · 2025Article
- Integrated machine learning, molecular dynamics, and DFT-based approach to elucidate the inhibitory effect of Ciprofloxacin analogues against fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhi.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- Human gut microbiota-derived antimicrobials against Salmonella Typhi: diversity, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe temporal and spatial change in trends of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in typhoid have not been systematically studied, and such information will be critical for defining intervention, as well as planning sustainable prevention strategies. METHODOLOGY AND
findingsTo identify the phenotypic trends in AMR, 13,833 individual S. Typhi isolates, reported from 1973 to 2018 in 62 publications, were analysed to determine the AMR preponderance over time. Separate analyses of molecular resistance determinants present in over 4,000 isolates reported in 61 publications were also conducted. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) typhoid is in decline in Asia in a setting of high fluoroquinolone resistance while it is on the increase in Africa. Mutations in QRDRs in gyrA (S83F, D87N) and parC (S80I) are the most common mechanisms responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance. Cephalosporin resistant S. Typhi, dubbed extensively drug-resistant (XDR) is a real threat and underscores the urgency in deploying the Vi-conjugate vaccines.
conclusionFrom these observations, it appears that AMR in S. Typhi will continue to emerge leading to treatment failure, changes in antimicrobial policy and further resistance developing in S. Typhi isolates and other Gram-negative bacteria in endemic regions. The deployment of typhoid conjugate vaccines to control the disease in endemic regions may be the best defence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.