ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2019
Enterovirus infection and type 1 diabetes: unraveling the crime scene.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- The virome in early life and childhood and development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Reviews in medical virology · 2021Pooled it
- Hyperglycemia in Cats Infected by SARS-CoV-2: Pancreatic Alterations and Potential Antiviral Therapeutics.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- The Hippo terminal effector YAP boosts enterovirus replication in type 1 diabetes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The Role of Type I Interferons in Tuberculosis and in Tuberculosis-Risk-Associated Comorbidities.Infectious disease reports · 2025Review
- Human Primary Macrophages Can Transmit Coxsackie B4 Virus to Pancreatic Cells In Vitro.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- The immunology of type 1 diabetes.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Viruses as a potential environmental trigger of type 1 diabetes mellitus (Review).Biomedical reports · 2024Review
- Article
- Charting Peptide Shared Sequences Between 'Diabetes-Viruses' and Human Pancreatic Proteins, Their Structural and Autoimmune Implications.Bioinformatics and biology insights · 2024Article
- Does COVID-19 Infection Increase the Risk of Diabetes? Current Evidence.Current diabetes reports · 2023Review
- Article
- Article
- Immunological and virological triggers of type 1 diabetes: insights and implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Pseudotyped Viruses for Enterovirus.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Incidence of an Insulin-Requiring Hyperglycemic Syndrome in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Young Individuals: Is It Type 1 Diabetes?Diabetes · 2022Article
- Characterization of G-Quadruplexes in Enterovirus A71 Genome and Their Interaction with G-Quadruplex Ligands.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Peptide Antibody Reactivity to Homologous Regions in Glutamate Decarboxylase Isoforms and Coxsackievirus B4 P2C.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Environmental Factors and the Risk of Developing Type 1 Diabetes-Old Disease and New Data.Biology · 2022Review
- Immunohistochemical detection of enteroviruses in pancreatic tissues of patients with type 1 diabetes using a polyclonal antibody against 2A protease of Coxsackievirus.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Article
- The interface of COVID-19, diabetes, and depression.Discover mental health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EV) have been historically associated to type 1 diabetes. Definitive proof for their implication in disease development is lacking, but growing evidence suggests that they could be involved in beta cell destruction either directly by killing beta cells or indirectly by creating an exacerbated inflammatory response in the islets, capable of attracting autoreactive T cells to the 'scene of the crime'. Epidemiological and serological studies have been associated with the appearance of islet autoimmunity and EV RNA has been detected in prospective studies. In addition, the EV capsid protein has been detected in the islets of recent-onset type 1 diabetic donors, suggesting the existence of a low-grade EV infection that could become persistent. Increasing evidence in the field shows that a 'viral signature' exists in type 1 diabetes and involves interferon responses that could be sustained during prolonged periods. These include the up-regulation of markers such as protein kinase R (PKR), melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I), myxovirus resistance protein (MxA) and human leukocyte antigen-I (HLA-I) and the release of chemokines able to attract immune cells to the islets leading to insulitis. In this scenario, the hyperexpression of HLA-I molecules would promote antigen presentation to autoreactive T cells, favoring beta cell recognition and, ultimately, destruction. In this review, an overview is provided of the standing evidence that implicates EVs in beta cell 'murder', the time-line of events is investigated from EV entry in the cell to beta cell death and possible accomplices are highlighted that might be involved in beta cell demise.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.