ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2019
Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in Preventing Influenza-associated Hospitalizations During Pregnancy: A Multi-country Retrospective Test Negative Design Study, 2010-2016.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 183 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of major antiviral and immune therapies in pregnancy for maternal viral infections: evidence synthesis of maternal and neonatal outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Determinants of influenza vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women in Europe: a systematic review.European journal of medical research · 2021Pooled it
- The Use of Test-negative Controls to Monitor Vaccine Effectiveness: A Systematic Review of Methodology.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of maternal vaccination on infant morbidity in Bangladesh.BMC public health · 2024Trial
- Typhoid conjugate vaccine effectiveness in Malawi: evaluation of a test-negative design using randomised, controlled clinical trial data.The Lancet. Global health · 2023Trial
- Influenza vaccine awareness and uptake patterns among women of reproductive age in Pudong New Area: A community-based cross-sectional study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- The Impact of Maternal Influenza Infection and Vaccination During Pregnancy on Birth Outcomes.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2026Article
- Association between seasonal influenza vaccination and neonatal outcomes in Shanghai, China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Risk Groups for Vaccine-Preventable Respiratory Infections in Children and Adults: An Overview of the Australian Environment.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Influencing Factors of Pregnant Women's Willingness to Receive Influenza Vaccination in China.Vaccines · 2025Article
- The Influenza Season: A Comparative Study of Admission Rates and Influenza Vaccinations in the Kingdom of Bahrain.Cureus · 2025Article
- Article
- Opportunities to Increase Influenza Vaccine Uptake Among Pregnant Women: Insights from Surveys in 2013 and 2023.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Transcriptome analysis in human breast milk and blood in a randomized trial after inactivated or attenuated influenza immunization.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Maternal influenza vaccination during pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- Research progress in vaccination during pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The added value of serologic testing: A comparison of influenza incidence among pregnant persons based on molecular-based surveillance versus serologic testing.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2024Article
- Preventing Influenza Virus Infection and Severe Influenza Among Pregnant People and Infants.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2024Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 15 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo date, no study has examined influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations during pregnancy.
methodsThe Pregnancy Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (PREVENT) consisted of public health or healthcare systems with integrated laboratory, medical, and vaccination records in Australia, Canada (Alberta and Ontario), Israel, and the United States (California, Oregon, and Washington). Sites identified pregnant women aged 18 through 50 years whose pregnancies overlapped with local influenza seasons from 2010 through 2016. Administrative data were used to identify hospitalizations with acute respiratory or febrile illness (ARFI) and clinician-ordered real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) testing for influenza viruses. Overall IVE was estimated using the test-negative design and adjusting for site, season, season timing, and high-risk medical conditions.
resultsAmong 19450 hospitalizations with an ARFI discharge diagnosis (across 25 site-specific study seasons), only 1030 (6%) of the pregnant women were tested for influenza viruses by rRT-PCR. Approximately half of these women had pneumonia or influenza discharge diagnoses (54%). Influenza A or B virus infections were detected in 598/1030 (58%) of the ARFI hospitalizations with influenza testing. Across sites and seasons, 13% of rRT-PCR-confirmed influenza-positive pregnant women were vaccinated compared with 22% of influenza-negative pregnant women; the adjusted overall IVE was 40% (95% confidence interval = 12%-59%) against influenza-associated hospitalization during pregnancy.
conclusionBetween 2010 and 2016, influenza vaccines offered moderate protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalizations during pregnancy, which may further inform the benefits of maternal influenza vaccination programs.
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