ArticleAutophagy2019
Spermidine: a physiological autophagy inducer acting as an anti-aging vitamin in humans?
Article in Autophagy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 189 citations in OpenAlex.
- A novel fasting mimetic (Mimio) creates fasting-like benefits to hunger control, oxidative stress, and cardiometabolic health in humans.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Spermidine Supplementation on Cognition and Biomarkers in Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Association of serum spermidine level with vascular calcification in peritoneal dialysis patients.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Natural Bioactive Compounds Targeting Key Hallmarks of Aging: Functional Food Potential of Spermidine, Fisetin, Berberine, and Urolithin A.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Spermidine, a chondrocyte apoptotic metabolite, delays osteoarthritis by regulating macrophage M2c polarization.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- From Berry to Bedside: Translational Potential of Berry-Derived Phytochemicals in HNSCC.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From Metabolomics to Function: Ranking Plant Stem Cell Metabolomes for Use in Health and Cosmetics.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Dried Ginger Milk Extract Alleviates Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Bone Loss via Gut Microbiota-Metabolite Remodeling and MEK/ERK Inhibition.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Spermidine in the aging brain: mechanisms, preclinical evidence, and clinical perspectives.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Spermidine preserves cardiac systolic function in estrogen-deprived rats with accelerated aging via metabolic and mitochondrial reprogramming.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Adaptive crosstalk between polyamine metabolism, translation, and autophagy sustains energy homeostasis in mammals during starvation: a scoping review.Amino acids · 2026Review
- ODC1 restricts meningeal B cell age-associated-like phenotype and function in multiple sclerosis: A human and experimental study.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- In Vitro Antioxidant and Cellular Activities of Functionalized Spermidine by Conjugating with Ascorbic Acid in Human Skin Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Diet-Microbiota-Polyamine Axis in Intestinal Aging: Microbial Pathways, Functional Foods, and Physiological Implications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- SS-31 improves the quality of maternally aged oocytes by ameliorating mitochondrial function and metabolism.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Article
- Integrating bioinformatics, molecular dynamics simulation and experimental verification to screen diagnostic biomarkers for polyamine metabolism-related osteoarthritis and predict potential drugs.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Rapalink-1 reveals TOR-dependent genes and an agmatinergic axis-based metabolic feedback regulating TOR activity and lifespan in fission yeast.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Polyamine Induction of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Genes in Fungi Is Mediated by Global Regulator LaeA and α-NAC Transcriptional Coactivator: Connection to Epigenetic Modification of Histones.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Development of 3D-Printed Gel-Based Supplement-Containing Tablets with Tailored Release Profiles for Neurological Pain Management.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Spermidine is a natural polyamine that stimulates cytoprotective macroautophagy/autophagy. External supplementation of spermidine extends lifespan and health span across species, including in yeast, nematodes, flies and mice. In humans, spermidine levels decline with aging, and a possible connection between reduced endogenous spermidine concentrations and age-related deterioration has been suggested. Recent epidemiological data support this notion, showing that an increased uptake of this polyamine with spermidine-rich food diminishes overall mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Here, we discuss nutritional and other possible routes to counteract the age-mediated decline of spermidine levels.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.