ReviewAnnals of translational medicine2018
Insulin autoimmune syndrome: from diagnosis to clinical management.
Review in Annals of translational medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 140 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypoglycemia as a potential risk for patients taking clopidogrel: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Alpha-lipoic acid as a trigger of insulin autoimmune syndrome: Current evidence, a case-based approach, diagnostic pitfalls, and practical management.Metabolism open · 2026Review
- Article
- Averting Potential Misinterpretations and Diagnostic Misapplications of Misleading Laboratory Results.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Hirata's Disease: A Case Report.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2026Article
- Insulin autoimmune hypoglycemia unmasking monoclonal gammopathy in type 2 diabetes.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Hypoglycemia secondary to type B insulin resistance syndrome.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Exogenous Insulin Antibody Syndrome in Patients with Diabetes: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Severe Insulin Resistance: Diagnosis and Management.Current diabetes reviews · 2026Review
- Diagnostic efficacy of fasting insulin-to-C-peptide ratio in exogenous insulin autoimmune syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Dual Thiol Drug-Induced Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome in a Non-Asian Patient Carrying HLA-DRB1*04:06: A Case Report and Literature Review.Clinical medicine insights. Case reports · 2026Article
- Diagnostic utility of the insulin-to-C-peptide molar ratio in differentiating insulin autoimmune syndrome and exogenous insulin antibody syndrome from insulinoma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- A Case of Antibody-Mediated Recurrent Hypoglycemia in a Patient With Mixed Connective Tissue Disease.Cureus · 2026Article
- Hirata Syndrome Clinical Presentation and Management: A Single-Centre Experience.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2025Article
- Deep learning-driven TCRβ repertoire analysis enhances diagnosis and enables mining of immunological biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus.BioData mining · 2025Article
- Drug-induced insulin autoimmune syndrome: a clinico-epidemiological analysis integrating pharmacovigilance data and case series.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Hirata Syndrome in a Woman With Graves' Disease Without Exposure to Thionamides and Summary of Cases from South America.JCEM case reports · 2025Article
- Successful treatment with rituximab of a type 2 diabetes patient with antibody-mediated insulin resistance syndrome: A case report.Medicine · 2025Article
- Emerging phenotype: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5 (MODY-5) - mechanisms, clinical spectrum, and unmet needs.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmune forms of hypoglycemia are a rare cause of low blood sugar levels among Caucasians, and often go misdiagnosed, exposing patients to lengthy series of pointless, potentially harmful and expensive tests. There are two types of autoimmune hypoglycemia. One is insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS), which is characterized by hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, elevated insulin autoantibody (IAA) titers, no prior exposure to exogenous insulin, and no of pathological abnormalities of the pancreatic islets. This condition is also known as "Hirata's disease". The other is type B insulin resistance syndrome (TBIRS), a rare autoimmune disorder resulting in a broad array of abnormalities in glucose homeostasis-from hypoglycemia to extremely insulin-resistant hyperglycemia-caused by the presence of insulin receptor autoantibodies (IRAbs). This review focuses on these two syndromes, describing their epidemiology, possible genetic background, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.