ArticleProceedings of the conference. Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting2018
A Corpus with Multi-Level Annotations of Patients, Interventions and Outcomes to Support Language Processing for Medical Literature.
Article in Proceedings of the conference. Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Innovations in Deaf Health Care Communication: Systematic Review of Sign Language Recognition Systems.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Large Language Model Analysis of Reporting Quality of Randomized Clinical Trial Articles: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Data extraction methods for systematic review (semi)automation: Update of a living systematic review.F1000Research · 2021Pooled it
- A span-based model for extracting overlapping PICO entities from randomized controlled trial publications.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2024Trial
- EvidenceMap: a three-level knowledge representation for medical evidence computation and comprehension.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2023Trial
- Methodological information extraction from randomized controlled trial publications: a pilot study.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2022Trial
- Advancing Evidence-Based Medicine for Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome Element Recognition and Extraction in Medical Literature: Large Language Model Approach.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- A non-destructive methodological framework for modernizing legacy clinical reporting systems for AI-driven pharmacoinformatics: a SAS case study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- From promise to practice: challenges and pitfalls in the evaluation of large language models for data extraction in evidence synthesis.BMJ evidence-based medicine · 2025Article
- Human-in-the-Loop Artificial Intelligence System for Systematic Literature Review: Methods and Validations for the AutoLit Review Software.Cochrane evidence synthesis and methods · 2025Article
- EvidenceOutcomes: A Dataset of Clinical Trial Publications with Clinically Meaningful Outcomes.Studies in health technology and informatics · 2025Article
- Evaluation of SURUS: a named entity recognition NLP system to extract knowledge from interventional study records.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Natural Language Processing in Support of Evidence-based Medicine: A Scoping Review.Findings of ACL. ACL · 2025Article
- TrialSieve: A Comprehensive Biomedical Information Extraction Framework for PICO, Meta-Analysis, and Drug Repurposing.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Clinical insights: A comprehensive review of language models in medicine.PLOS digital health · 2025Review
- High-precision information retrieval for rapid clinical guideline updates.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Semi-supervised learning from small annotated data and large unlabeled data for fine-grained Participants, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes entity recognition.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2025Article
- SPIRIT-CONSORT-TM: a corpus for assessing transparency of clinical trial protocol and results publications.Scientific data · 2025Article
- SPIRIT-CONSORT-TM: a corpus for assessing transparency of clinical trial protocol and results publications.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We present a corpus of 5,000 richly annotated abstracts of medical articles describing clinical randomized controlled trials. Annotations include demarcations of text spans that describe the Patient population enrolled, the Interventions studied and to what they were Compared, and the Outcomes measured (the 'PICO' elements). These spans are further annotated at a more granular level, e.g., individual interventions within them are marked and mapped onto a structured medical vocabulary. We acquired annotations from a diverse set of workers with varying levels of expertise and cost. We describe our data collection process and the corpus itself in detail. We then outline a set of challenging NLP tasks that would aid searching of the medical literature and the practice of evidence-based medicine.
Identifiers
30305770PMC6174533What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.