Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30305278›Full record

Trial reportBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2018

Effectiveness of the Stand More AT (SMArT) Work intervention: cluster randomised controlled trial.

Charlotte L Edwardson, Tom Yates, Stuart J H Biddle, Melanie J Davies, David W Dunstan, Dale W Esliger, Laura J Gray, Benjamin Jackson, Sophie E O'Connell, Ghazala Waheed and 1 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06247228 (A Co-created Digital Intervention to Reduce Home-office Workers' Sedentary Behaviour), which is not on this map. Cited by 115 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
115citing papers in PubMed, 16 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06247228 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

A Co-created Digital Intervention to Reduce Home-office Workers' Sedentary Behaviour: Protocol for the Click2Move Programme, a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Vic - Central University of CataloniaRan2024 to 2025Enrolled200ConditionsSedentary BehaviourArmsClick2Move
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

115 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  19. Defaults at Work: A Field Experiment on the Effect of Nudges on Stand-Up Working.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Charlotte L EdwardsonDiabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK ce95@le.ac.uk.
Tom YatesDiabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
Stuart J H BiddleInstitute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Education City, Springfield Central, QLD, Australia.
Melanie J DaviesDiabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
David W DunstanBaker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Dale W EsligerNIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
Laura J GrayDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Benjamin JacksonSchool of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
Sophie E O'ConnellLeicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
Ghazala WaheedDiabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
Fehmidah MunirSchool of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo evaluate the impact of a multicomponent intervention (Stand More AT (SMArT) Work) designed to reduce sitting time on short (three months), medium (six months), and longer term (12 months) changes in occupational, daily, and prolonged sitting, standing, and physical activity, and physical, psychological, and work related health.

designCluster two arm randomised controlled trial.

settingNational Health Service trust, England.

participants37 office clusters (146 participants) of desk based workers: 19 clusters (77 participants) were randomised to the intervention and 18 (69 participants) to control.

interventionsThe intervention group received a height adjustable workstation, a brief seminar with supporting leaflet, workstation instructions with sitting and standing targets, feedback on sitting and physical activity at three time points, posters, action planning and goal setting booklet, self monitoring and prompt tool, and coaching sessions (month 1 and every three months thereafter). The control group continued with usual practice.

main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was occupational sitting time (thigh worn accelerometer). Secondary outcomes were objectively measured daily sitting, prolonged sitting (≥30 minutes), and standing time, physical activity, musculoskeletal problems, self reported work related health (job performance, job satisfaction, work engagement, occupational fatigue, sickness presenteeism, and sickness absenteeism), cognitive function, and self reported psychological measures (mood and affective states, quality of life) assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months. Data were analysed using generalised estimating equation models, accounting for clustering.

resultsA significant difference between groups (in favour of the intervention group) was found in occupational sitting time at 12 months (-83.28 min/workday, 95% confidence interval -116.57 to -49.98, P=0.001). Differences between groups (in favour of the intervention group compared with control) were observed for occupational sitting time at three months (-50.62 min/workday, -78.71 to -22.54, P<0.001) and six months (-64.40 min/workday, -97.31 to -31.50, P<0.001) and daily sitting time at six months (-59.32 min/day, -88.40 to -30.25, P<0.001) and 12 months (-82.39 min/day, -114.54 to -50.26, P=0.001). Group differences (in favour of the intervention group compared with control) were found for prolonged sitting time, standing time, job performance, work engagement, occupational fatigue, sickness presenteeism, daily anxiety, and quality of life. No differences were seen for sickness absenteeism.

conclusionsSMArT Work successfully reduced sitting time over the short, medium, and longer term, and positive changes were observed in work related and psychological health.

trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN10967042.

Indexed as

ExercisePostureWorkplaceAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOccupational DiseasesOccupational HealthTreatment Outcome

Identifiers

PMID30305278
PMCPMC6174726

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.