ArticleBMC nephrology2018
Incidence of glomerulonephritis and non-diabetic end-stage renal disease in a developing middle-east region near armed conflict.
Article in BMC nephrology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Nicotinism vs. Glomerulopathies-Smoking as a Risk Factor for Primary Glomerulopathies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Kidney melanosis associated with a novel HSP-1 Hermansky-Pudlak oculocutaneous albinism mutation: a case report.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Effects of bodybuilding supplements on the kidney: A population-based incidence study of biopsy pathology and clinical characteristics among middle eastern men.BMC nephrology · 2020Article
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Middle East Is Characterized by Low Incidence Rates With Advancing Age.Journal of global oncology · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEstimates of the incidence of glomerulonephritis (GN) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in an Iraqi population are compared with the United States (US) and Jordan.
methodsThe study set consist of renal biopsies performed in 2012 and 2013 in the Kurdish provinces of Northern Iraq. The age specific and age standardized incidence of GN was calculated from the 2011 population. ESRD incidence was estimated from Sulaimaniyah dialysis center records of patient's inititating hemodialysis in 2017.
resultsAt an annual biopsy rate of 7.8 per 100,000 persons in the Kurdish region, the number of diagnoses (2 years), the average age of diagnosis, and annual age standardized incidence (ASI)/100,000 for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) was n = 135, 27.3 ± 17.6 years, ASI = 1.6; and for all glomerulonephritis (GN) was n = 384, 30.4 ± 17.0 years, ASI = 5.1. FSGS represented 35% of GN biopsies, membranous glomerulonephritis 18%, systemic lupus erythematosus 13%, and immunoglobulin A nephropathy 7%. For FSGS and all GN, the peak age of diagnoses was 35-44 years of age with age specific rates declining after age 45. The unadjusted annual ESRD rate was 60 per million with an age specific peak at 55-64 years and a decline after age 65. The assigned cause of ESRD was 23% diabetes, 18% hypertension, and 12% GN with FSGS comprising 41% of biopsy-diagnosed, non-diabetic ESRD.
conclusionsThe regional incidence of ESRD in Northern Iraq is much lower than the crude incidences of 100 and 390 per million for Jordan and the US respectively. This is associated with low renal disease rates in the Iraqi elderly and an apparent major contribution of FSGS to ESRD.
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