ArticleCell reports2018
B Cell Competition for Restricted T Cell Help Suppresses Rare-Epitope Responses.
Article in Cell reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Recent advances on coxsackievirus A6 vaccine research.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Capsid inclusion in a CHIKV mRNA vaccine impairs adaptive immune responses.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Intranasal Adenoviral Vector Vaccination Induces Durable Antibody and T Cell Responses in the Respiratory Tract.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Antibody-mediated diversification of primary and secondary humoral immune responses.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- A novel TamA + LtgC bivalent vaccine induces potent immunogenic and bactericidal antibodies against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Article
- Antibody Mediated Diversification of Primary and Secondary Immune Responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
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- Multi-dimensional characterization of apoptosis in the tumor microenvironment and therapeutic relevance in melanoma.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Plasma Cell Differentiation, Antibody Quality, and Initial Germinal Center B Cell Population Depend on Glucose Influx Rate.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Knife's edge: Balancing immunogenicity and reactogenicity in mRNA vaccines.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Mechanisms that promote the evolution of cross-reactive antibodies upon vaccination with designed influenza immunogens.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Optimization of the Process for Preparing Bivalent Polysaccharide Conjugates to Develop Multivalent Conjugate Vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae or Neisseria meningitidis and Comparison with the Corresponding Licensed Vaccines in Animal Models.Current medical science · 2023Article
- Pre-existing CD4 T cell help boosts antibody responses but has limited impact on germinal center, antigen-specific B cell frequencies after influenza infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Fully synthetic Tn-based three-component cancer vaccine using covalently linked TLR4 ligand MPLA and iNKT cell agonist KRN-7000 as built-in adjuvant effectively protects mice from tumor development.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2022Article
- Antigen- and scaffold-specific antibody responses to protein nanoparticle immunogens.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Article
- IL-21 has a critical role in establishing germinal centers by amplifying early B cell proliferation.EMBO reports · 2022Article
- TLR agonists induce sustained IgG to hemagglutinin stem and modulate T cells following newborn vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Designing spatial and temporal control of vaccine responses.Nature reviews. Materials · 2022Review
- Protein engineering strategies for rational immunogen design.NPJ vaccines · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The immune system responds preferentially to particular antigenic-epitopes contained within complex immunogens, such as proteins or microbes. This poorly understood phenomenon, termed "immunodominance," remains an obstacle to achieving polyvalent immune responses against multiple antigenic-epitopes through vaccination. We observed profound suppression in the hapten-specific antibody response in mice immunized with hapten-protein conjugate, mixed with an excess of protein, relative to that in mice immunized with hapten-protein alone. The suppression was robust (100-fold and 10-fold with a 10- or 2-fold excess of protein, respectively), stable over a 6-log range in antigen dose, observed within 10 days of vaccination, and resistant to boosting and adjuvants. Furthermore, there were reduced frequencies of antigen-specific germinal-center B cells and long-lived bone-marrow plasma cells. The mechanism of this "antigen-competition" was mediated largely by early access to T-helper cells. These results offer mechanistic insights into B cell competition during an immune response and suggest vaccination strategies against HIV, influenza, and dengue.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.