ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2019
Education Differentially Buffers Cognitive Performance in Black and White Older Adults.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring Caregiving Network Characteristics for Older Adults Living With Cognitive Impairment Across Race and Ethnicity.The Gerontologist · 2025Article
- Characteristics of discrimination and ambulatory cognitive performance among older Black and White adults.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Examining cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between multidomain physical fitness metrics, education, and cognition in Black older adults.Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition · 2024Article
- The current status of health care indices and functional independence among older adults: data from HelpAge international-jordan study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Article
- Income, wealth, and Black-White disparities in cognition.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- Care Recipient Controlling and Manipulative Behavior and Caregiver Depressive Symptoms: The Role of Race, Caregiver Resentment, and Mutual Communal Behavior.The Gerontologist · 2022Article
- Measuring Cognitive Health in Ethnically Diverse Older Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2022Article
- Examination of race and gender differences in predictors of neuropsychological decline and development of Alzheimer's disease.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2022Article
- Predictors of cognitive decline in a multi-racial sample of midlife women: A longitudinal study.Neuropsychology · 2021Article
- Educational Benefits and Cognitive Health Life Expectancies: Racial/Ethnic, Nativity, and Gender Disparities.The Gerontologist · 2021Article
- Interactive Effects of Chronic Health Conditions and Financial Hardship on Episodic Memory among Older Blacks: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study.Research in human development · 2020Article
- Leveraging the Power of Networks to Support Healthy Aging.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesGiven that black American older adults are more likely to have lower educational attainment and perform worse on cognitive tests than white Americans, we examined whether increased education would confer greater cognitive advantage to black Americans on measures of global and specific domains of cognitive function.
methodsThe sample included 522 community-dwelling older adults from a larger study. An analysis of covariance was conducted with race and education as between-participant factors and global cognition as the dependent variable. A multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted with five cognitive domains (immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional ability, language, attention, and delayed memory) as the dependent variables.
resultsSignificant main effects indicated that black Americans, F(1,516) = 29.18, p < .001, and individuals with less education, F(1,516) = 44.93, p < .001, evidenced lower cognitive functioning, controlling for age and overall health status, and the interaction term reached statistical significance, F(1,516) = 7.95, p = .005. The impact of education on global cognitive function for black participants was more than twice as large (Cohen's d = 1.30) than for white participants (Cohen's d = .52). There was a significant race × education interaction for the cognitive domain of attention (p < .001) and a composite measure of non-memory domains (i.e., language, visuospatial/constructional, and attention; p < .001). DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that educational attainment is particularly important for black Americans with respect to global cognitive function, attention, and non-memory domains.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.