SynthesisPLoS medicine2018
Fatty acid biomarkers of dairy fat consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Synthesis in PLoS medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 106 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Changing or Substituting Low-calorie Sweetened Beverages for Sugar-Sweetened Beverages or Water and Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
The Effect of Palmitoleic Acid (POA) Supplementation on Insulin Sensitivity and Lipogenesis in Overweight and Obese Individuals
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 228 citations in OpenAlex.
- A global analysis of dairy consumption and incident cardiovascular disease.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Serum Metabolomic Markers of Dairy Consumption: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study and the Bogalusa Heart Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Trans Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Analysis of 12 Prospective Cohort Studies in the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE).Diabetes care · 2022Pooled it
- Evaluation of the Quality of Evidence of the Association of Foods and Nutrients With Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Biomarkers of dairy fat intake, incident cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: A cohort study, systematic review, and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between dairy consumption and the risk of hip fracture: critical interpretation of the currently available evidence.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020Pooled it
- Whole-Fat or Reduced-Fat Dairy Product Intake, Adiposity, and Cardiometabolic Health in Children: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Circulating Saturated Fatty Acids and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Lipidome changes due to improved dietary fat quality inform cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Pentadecanoic Acid Supplementation in Young Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Assessing the validity of plasma phospholipid fatty acids as biomarkers of dairy fat intake using data from a randomized controlled intervention trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Trial
- The impact of diets rich in low-fat or full-fat dairy on glucose tolerance and its determinants: a randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Trial
- Supplementation with Seabuckthorn Oil Augmented in 16:1n-7t Increases Serum Trans-Palmitoleic Acid in Metabolically Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Dose-Escalation Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2020Trial
- Dietary Fermented Strawberry Pomace Improves Yolk Lipid Quality and Modulates Reproductive Endocrine Activity, Intestinal Barrier Status, and Cecal Microbiota in Laying Hens.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Beyond Saturated Fat: A Four-Dimensional Framework for Understanding Milk Fat in Human Health.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Full-Fat and Low-Fat Fermented Dairy Foods on Markers of Cardiometabolic Health in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Elevated Fasting Triglycerides.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Foods to Prevent Cardiometabolic Disease: Moving from "Saturated Fat" to "Whole Foods".Current developments in nutrition · 2026Review
- Relationship Between Litter Weight Gain and Colostrum Fatty Acid Composition: Implications for Cross-Fostering?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
50 authors at 20 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to investigate prospective associations of circulating or adipose tissue odd-chain fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 and trans-palmitoleic acid, t16:1n-7, as potential biomarkers of dairy fat intake, with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS AND
findingsSixteen prospective cohorts from 12 countries (7 from the United States, 7 from Europe, 1 from Australia, 1 from Taiwan) performed new harmonised individual-level analysis for the prospective associations according to a standardised plan. In total, 63,682 participants with a broad range of baseline ages and BMIs and 15,180 incident cases of T2D over the average of 9 years of follow-up were evaluated. Study-specific results were pooled using inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis. Prespecified interactions by age, sex, BMI, and race/ethnicity were explored in each cohort and were meta-analysed. Potential heterogeneity by cohort-specific characteristics (regions, lipid compartments used for fatty acid assays) was assessed with metaregression. After adjustment for potential confounders, including measures of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference) and lipogenesis (levels of palmitate, triglycerides), higher levels of 15:0, 17:0, and t16:1n-7 were associated with lower incidence of T2D. In the most adjusted model, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for incident T2D per cohort-specific 10th to 90th percentile range of 15:0 was 0.80 (0.73-0.87); of 17:0, 0.65 (0.59-0.72); of t16:1n7, 0.82 (0.70-0.96); and of their sum, 0.71 (0.63-0.79). In exploratory analyses, similar associations for 15:0, 17:0, and the sum of all three fatty acids were present in both genders but stronger in women than in men (pinteraction < 0.001). Whereas studying associations with biomarkers has several advantages, as limitations, the biomarkers do not distinguish between different food sources of dairy fat (e.g., cheese, yogurt, milk), and residual confounding by unmeasured or imprecisely measured confounders may exist.
conclusionsIn a large meta-analysis that pooled the findings from 16 prospective cohort studies, higher levels of 15:0, 17:0, and t16:1n-7 were associated with a lower risk of T2D.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.