ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2018
Impact of trial design and patient heterogeneity on the identification of clinically effective therapies for progressive MS.
Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Effectiveness and Risk of Severe Infection in Adult Patients With MS Treated With Diroximel Fumarate Versus Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies: A Real-World Claims Analysis.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- New Frontiers in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment: From Targeting Costimulatory Molecules to Bispecific Antibodies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Predicting clinical progression trajectories of early Alzheimer's disease patients.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Siponimod Attenuates Neuronal Cell Death Triggered by Neuroinflammation via NFκB and Mitochondrial Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Treatment Patterns and Unmet Need for Patients with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis in the United States: Survey Results from 2016 to 2021.Neurology and therapy · 2023Article
- Dysregulation of humoral immunity, iron homeostasis, and lipid metabolism is associated with multiple sclerosis progression.Multiple sclerosis and related disorders · 2023Article
- Efficacy of Dimethyl Fumarate in Young Adults with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Analysis of the DEFINE, CONFIRM, and ENDORSE Studies.Neurology and therapy · 2023Article
- Immunosenescence and multiple sclerosis: inflammaging for prognosis and therapeutic consideration.Frontiers in aging · 2023Review
- Current and Future Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Clinical Evaluation of Siponimod for the Treatment of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Pathophysiology, Efficacy, Safety, Patient Acceptability and Adherence.Patient preference and adherence · 2022Review
- The gut microbiome molecular mimicry piece in the multiple sclerosis puzzle.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Siponimod enriches regulatory T and B lymphocytes in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.JCI insight · 2020Article
- Real-World Results of Ocrelizumab Treatment for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis international · 2020Article
- Bidirectional regulatory potentials of short-chain fatty acids and their G-protein-coupled receptors in autoimmune neuroinflammation.Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clinically effective immunomodulatory therapies have been developed for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), but they have generally not translated to a corresponding slowing of disability accumulation in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Since disability is multifaceted, progressive patients are heterogeneous, and the drivers of disease progression are still unclear, it has been difficult to identify the most informative outcome measures for progressive trials. Historically, secondary outcome measures have focused on inflammatory measures, which contributed to the recent identification of immunomodulatory therapies benefiting younger patients with more inflammatory progressive MS. Meanwhile, agents capable of treating late-stage disease have remained elusive. Consequently, measures of neurodegeneration are becoming common. Here, we review completed clinical trials testing immunomodulatory therapies in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and discuss the features contributing to trial design variability in relation to trial outcomes, and how efforts toward better patient stratification and inclusion of reliable progression markers could improve outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.