ReviewJournal of clinical and experimental hepatology2018
Hyperammonemia in Hepatic Encephalopathy.
Review in Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of probiotics to lactulose for minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of probiotics efficacy in the treatment of minimum hepatic encephalopathy.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2024Pooled it
- Correlation of ammonia and blood laboratory parameters with hepatic encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Colombian protocol for the hospital management of non-critically ill patients with suspected or confirmed yellow fever.New microbes and new infections · 2026Review
- From immune checkpoint blockade to metabolic ecosystem intervention: A new perspective on ammonia-mediated remodelling of tumour immunity.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Exendin-4 protects brain endothelial cell damage against hyperammonemic condition.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Advances in understanding, diagnosing, and treating hepatic encephalopathy: from epidemiology to emerging therapies.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- The liver-brain axis, from its function to preventive therapeutic strategies in diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Ammonia metabolism and ammonia-induced cell death: role in cancer therapy.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Review
- Acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy masquerading as postoperative delirium in a patient who underwent lung surgery: a case report.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Article
- Novel roles of ammonia in physiology and cancer.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2025Review
- Establishment of an Inferred Reference Range for Blood Ammonia in Dogs and Cats Using a Point-of-Care Assay.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Innovative Strategies in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Cirrhosis and Associated Syndromes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Absence of Pupillary Reflexes in Pediatric Acute Liver Failure and Neurological Outcome After Liver Transplantation.Pediatric transplantation · 2025Observational
- Antiageing strategy for neurodegenerative diseases: from mechanisms to clinical advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Relationship between Sarcopenia and minimal hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis: a prospective observational study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Observational
- A Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Gut Bacterial Urease Protects the Host from Liver Injury.ACS chemical biology · 2025Article
- The Role of Neuroinflammation in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy.Journal of immunology research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The precise mechanism underlying the neurotoxicity of Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) is remains unclear. The dominant view has been that gut-derived nitrogenous toxins are not extracted by the diseased liver and thereby enter the brain. Among the various toxins proposed, the case for ammonia is most compelling. Events that lead to increased levels of blood or brain ammonia have been shown to worsen HE, whereas reducing blood ammonia levels alleviates HE. Clinical, pathological, and biochemical changes observed in HE can be reproduced by increasing blood or brain ammonia levels in experimental animals, while exposure of cultured astrocytes to ammonium salts reproduces the morphological and biochemical findings observed in HE. However, factors other than ammonia have recently been proposed to be involved in the development of HE, including cytokines and other blood and brain immune factors. Moreover, recent studies have questioned the critical role of ammonia in the pathogenesis of HE since blood ammonia levels do not always correlate with the level/severity of encephalopathy. This review summarizes the vital role of ammonia in the pathogenesis of HE in humans, as well as in experimental models of acute and chronic liver failure. It further emphasizes recent advances in the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of neurological complications that occur in acute and chronic liver failure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.